tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22234228779234359402024-03-19T02:31:11.490-07:00About MeAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.comBlogger29125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-85212675676693817632013-07-28T22:33:00.001-07:002013-07-28T22:33:13.284-07:00<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<b><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Etika Profesi dan
Pengembangan Diri<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tugas 8</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tyas Kristyana
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<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gishella
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Kamuh
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Walujan 682012042</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%;">3 (tiga) kategori cybercrisme :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Cyberpiracy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh kasus
dari pengalaman sendiri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Karena
mendownload windows 8 bajakan dari internet, setelah terinstal ternyata laptop
tersebut bukannya berakhir dengan memiliki sistem operasi windows 8 tapi
ternyata berakhir dengan blue screen dan harus di bawah ke tempat service untuk
menerima perbaikan, atau di instal lagi sistem operasinya.</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Cybertrespass</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Contoh Kasus Cybercrime</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> di Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pencurian dan
penggunaan account Internet milik orang lain. Salah satu kesulitan dari sebuah
ISP (Internet Service Provider) adalah adanya account pelanggan mereka yang
dicuri dan digunakan secara tidak sah. Berbeda dengan pencurian yang dilakukan
secara fisik, pencurian account cukup menangkap userid dan password saja. Hanya
informasi yang dicuri.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sementara itu
orang yang kecurian tidak merasakan hilangnya benda yang dicuri. Pencurian baru
terasa efeknya jika informasi ini digunakan oleh yang tidak berhak. Akibat dari
pencurian ini, penggunaan dibebani biaya penggunaan acocunt tersebut. Kasus ini
banyak terjadi di ISP. Namun yang pernah diangkat adalah penggunaan account
curian oleh dua Warnet di Bandung. Membajak situs web. Salah satu kegiatan yang
sering dilakukan oleh cracker adalah mengubah halaman web, yang dikenal dengan
istilah deface. Pembajakan dapat dilakukan dengan mengeksploitasi lubang
keamanan. Sekitar 4 bulan yang lalu, statistik di Indonesia menunjukkan satu
(1) situs web dibajak setiap harinya. Probing dan port scanning. Salah satu
langkah yang dilakukan cracker sebelum masuk ke server yang ditargetkan adalah
melakukan pengintaian. Cara yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan port
scanning atau probing untuk melihat servis-servis apa saja yang tersedia di
server target. Sebagai contoh, hasil scanning dapat menunjukkan bahwa server
target menjalankan program web server Apache, mail server Sendmail, dan
seterusnya. Analogi hal ini dengan dunia nyata adalah dengan melihat-lihat
apakah pintu rumah anda terkunci, merek kunci yang digunakan, jendela mana yang
terbuka, apakah pagar terkunci (menggunakan firewall atau tidak) dan
seterusnya. Yang bersangkutan memang belum melakukan kegiatan pencurian atau
penyerangan, akan tetapi kegiatan yang dilakukan sudah mencurigakan. Berbagai
program yang digunakan untuk melakukan probing atau port scanning ini dapat
diperoleh secara gratis di Internet. Salah satu program yang paling populer
adalah nmap (untuk sistem yang berbasis UNIX, Linux) dan Superscan (untuk
sistem yang berbasis Microsoft Windows).
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Selain mengidentifikasi
port, nmap juga bahkan dapat mengidentifikasi jenis operating system yang
digunakan. Sedemikian kompleksnya bentuk kejahatan mayantara dan permasalahnnya
menunjukan perlunya seorang profesional yang secara khusus membidangi
permasalahan tersebut untuk mengatasi atau setidaknya mencegah tindak kejahatan
cyber dengan keahlian yang dimilikinya. Demikian pula dengan perangkat hukum
atau bahkan hakimnya sekalipun perlu dibekali pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai
kejahatan mayantara ini disamping tersedianya sarana yuridis (produk
undang-undang) untuk menjerat sang pelaku.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lestari Sri, Prasetya, “Kasus
Kejahatan Komputer” Artikel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Prabowo W. Onno, “Belajar Menjadi
hacker” Artikel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="http://hackertjilieghon.multiply.com/journal/item/2/Definisi_dari_Hacker_dan_Cracker"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http://hackertjilieghon.multiply.com/journal/item/2/Definisi_dari_Hacker_dan_Cracker</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> di ambil pada
tanggal 1 Nopember 2008<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="http://fauzzi23.blogspot.com/definisi_hacer"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http://fauzzi23.blogspot.com/definisi_hacer</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> di ambil pada
tanggal 1 Nopember 2008<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Cybervandalism</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">KOMPAS.com</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"> —
Perang <i>cyber</i> telah melangkah lebih jauh. Peralatan
"perang" ini pun semakin beragam dan canggih. Salah satunya adalah
virus atau <i>malware</i>. Bahkan, kini muncul virus/<i>malware</i>yang
sangat canggih dan kompleks dalam bentuk <i>attack toolkit</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Virus berbahaya tersebut adalah adalah
"Flame". Virus yang ditemukan oleh tim Kaspersky Lab ini dirancang
khusus untuk memata-matai pengguna komputer yang terinfeksi dengan berbagai
cara. Seperti <i>malware</i> Stuxnet dan Duqu yang sempat membuat
kacau proyek reaktor nuklir milik Iran, Flame disinyalir merupakan
"senjata <i>cyber</i>" yang sengaja diluncurkan oleh sebuah
negara untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">"<i>Malware</i> Flame sepertinya adalah
jenjang selanjutnya dari perang (<i>cyber</i>). Hal yang penting diketahui
adalah bahwa senjata <i>cyber</i> seperti ini bisa digunakan untuk
menyerang negara mana pun," ujar Eugene Kaspersky, CEO dan pendiri
Kaspersky Lab, dalam sebuah pernyataan yang dikutip oleh <i>Wired</i>.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="color: #666666; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">KasperskyArea sebaran dan jumlah kasus malware Flame<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Jika
Stuxnet memiliki target spesifik berupa perangkat industri, Flame secara khusus
mengincar kalangan bisnis dan universitas, serta hanya menginfeksi tak lebih
dari 5.000 komputer pribadi di seluruh dunia, diduga melalui jaringan atau USB
Flashdisk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Penyebaran
terbatas tersebut disinyalir memiliki tujuan untuk menghindari pendeteksian
selama mungkin. Flame diperkirakan telah beredar sejak 2010, berdekatan dengan
waktu penemuan Stuxnet yang kepergok karena menyebar terlalu liar. Kaspersky
Lab baru menemukan Flame dua minggu lalu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">"Dilihat
dari kecanggihan dan area sebarannya yang melingkupi negara-negara tertentu di
Timur Tengah, tak diragukan lagi, ini (Flame) disponsori oleh sebuah
negara," ungkap Alexander Gostev, Kepala Riset dan Analisis Global
Kaspersky dalam blognya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Gostev
mengategorikan pembuat <i>malware</i> dalam tiga golongan berdasarkan
kompleksitas dan karakteristik serangan, yaitu <i>hacktivist</i>,
penjahat <i>cyber</i>, dan negara (<i>nation-state</i>). Menurutnya, Flame
masuk dalam kategori yang disebut terakhir. Gostev juga mengatakan bahwa Flame
memberikan arah baru bagi perang dan spionase digital.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Flame
menginfeksi sejumlah komputer di negara-negara tertentu di Timur Tengah, termasuk
Iran, Palestina, Israel, Lebanon, dan Suriah. Pembuat <i>malware</i> ini
belum diketahui.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Berbeda
dengan Stuxnet yang juga dikategorikan sebagai "senjata <i>cyber</i>",
Flame sepertinya didesain bukan untuk merusak sistem, melainkan untuk
mengumpulkan data dengan cara memata-matai pengguna komputer yang terinfeksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Saat aktif
di komputer, Flame mendeteksi lalu lintas jaringan dan menyadap percakapan
audio, baik yang dilakukan melalui <i>software</i>, seperti Skype, maupun
dengan cara mengaktifkan mikrofon komputer. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Malware</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> ini
juga sanggup merekam ketikan keyboard, mengambil <i>screenshot</i>,
mencegat <i>e-mail</i>, bahkan mendeteksi dan mencuri data dari
perangkat <i>bluetooth</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Data-data
curian yang dikumpulkan Flame kemudian dienkripsi dan dikirimkan ke sejumlah
domain "Command and Control" milik pembuatnya yang tersebar di
seluruh dunia dan bisa diganti ke alamat lain kapan saja apabila domain yang
bersangkutan ditutup atau ditinggalkan. Begitu canggihnya fungsi Flame, para
ahli diperkirakan butuh waktu bertahun-tahun untuk mempelajari hal-hal apa yang
bisa—dan akan—dilakukan <i>malware </i>tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Muncul
rumor bahwa serangan senjata <i>cyber</i> yang belakangan muncul bisa
jadi ditujukan untuk menekan Iran dalam negosiasi program nuklirnya. Flame
pertama kali ditemukan di komputer milik Kementerian Minyak Iran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Selain
Flame, ditemukan juga <i>malware </i>lain bernama "Viper"
yang berusaha menghapus data dari server.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://tekno.kompas.com/read/2012/05/30/14464054/virus.flame.adalah.senjata.quotcyberquot.sebuah.negara"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http://tekno.kompas.com/read/2012/05/30/14464054/virus.flame.adalah.senjata.quotcyberquot.sebuah.negara</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 15.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 15.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PENYEBAB TERJADINYA CYBERCRIME </span></b><span style="color: #666666; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">mahalnya
software yang asli. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kelalaian
pengguna komputer. Hal ini merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kejahatan
komputer. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mudah
dilakukan dengan resiko keamanan yang kecil dan tidak diperlukan peralatan yang
super modern. Walaupun kejahatan komputer mudah untuk dilakukan tetapi akan
sangat sulit untuk melacaknya, sehingga ini mendorong para pelaku kejahatan
untuk terus melakukan hal ini. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Para
pelaku merupakan orang yang pada umumnya cerdas, mempunyai rasa ingin tahu yang
besar, dan fanatik akan teknologi komputer. Pengetahuan pelaku kejahatan
komputer tentang cara kerja sebuah komputer jauh diatas operator komputer. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem keamanan
jaringan yang lemah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Kurangnya perhatian masyarakat. Masyarakat dan
penegak hukum saat ini masih memberi perhatian yang sangat besar terhadap
kejahatan konvensional. Pada kenyataannya para pelaku kejahatan komputer masih
terus melakukan aksi kejahatannya <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PENANGGULANGAN CYBERCRIME <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.25pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengamankan
sistem <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.25pt 53.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tujuan
yang nyata dari sebuah sistem keamanan adalah mencegah adanya perusakan bagian
dalam sistem karena dimasuki oleh pemakai yang tidak diinginkan. Pengamanan
sistem secara terintegrasi sangat diperlukan untuk meminimalisasikan
kemungkinan perusakan tersebut: <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.25pt 53.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Membangun
sebuah keamanan sistem harus merupakan langkah-langkah yang terintegrasi pada
keseluruhan subsistemnya, dengan tujuan dapat mempersempit atau bahkan menutup
adanya celah-celah unauthorized actions yang merugikan <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.25pt 53.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengamanan
secara personal dapat dilakukan mulai dari tahap instalasi sistem sampai
akhirnya menuju ke tahap pengamanan fisik dan pengamanan data.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.25pt 53.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengaman
akan adanya penyerangan sistem melaui jaringan juga dapat dilakukan dengan
melakukan pengamanan FTP, SMTP, Telnet dan pengamanan Web Server.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.25pt 53.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berbagai
perangkat lunak keamanan sistem meliputi : <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.25pt 89.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Internet
Firewall <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kriptografi
<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Secure
Socket Layer (SSL) <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.25pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penanggulangan
Global <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 1.25pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Beberapa langkah penting yang harus dilakukan
setiap negara dalam penanggulangan cybercrime adalah: <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">melakukan
modernisasi hukum pidana nasional beserta hukum acaranya <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">meningkatkan
sistem pengamanan jaringan komputer nasional sesuai standar internasional <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">meningkatkan
pemahaman serta keahlian aparatur penegak hukum mengenai upaya<b> </b>pencegahan,
investigasi dan penuntutan perkara-perkara yang berhubungan dengan cybercrime <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">meningkatkan
kesadaran warga negara mengenai masalah cybercrime serta pentingnya mencegah
kejahatan tersebut terjadi <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">meningkatkan
kerjasama antarnegara, baik bilateral, regional maupun multilateral, dalam
upaya penanganan cybercrime <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perlunya
Dukungan Lembaga Khusus <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lembaga-lembaga
khusus, baik milik pemerintah maupun NGO (Non Government Organization),
diperlukan sebagai upaya penanggulangan kejahatan di internet <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Amerika
Serikat memiliki komputer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS)
sebagai sebuah divisi khusus dari U.S. Departement of Justice. Institusi ini
memberikan informasi tentang cybercrime, melakukan sosialisasi secara intensif
kepada masyarakat, serta melakukan riset-riset khusus dalam penanggulangan
cybercrime <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Indonesia
sendiri sebenarnya sudah memiliki IDCERT (Indonesia Computer Emergency
Rensponse Team). Unit ini merupakan point of contact bagi orang untuk
melaporkan masalah-masalah keamanan computer <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com409tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-37695561942181731332013-07-28T22:22:00.000-07:002013-07-28T22:22:35.733-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Etika Profesi dan
Pengembangan Diri<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tugas 6</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelompok 8 :</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tyas Kristyana
682012063</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gishella
Wahongan 682012061</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cadwell
Rumagit 682012058</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Vinilia
Kamuh
682012049</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Guido
Walujan
682012042<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Apa
yang dimaksud dengan cybercrime?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;">Kata CYBER merupakan
singkatan dari kata CYBERSPACE, istilah CYBERSPACE diaplikasikan untuk dunia
yang terhubung atau online ke internet.Sedangkan CRIME berarti KEJAHATAN,
kejahatan merupakan suatu tindakan anti sosial yang merugikan, tidak pantas,
tidak dapat dibiarkan, yang dapat menimbukan kegoncangkn dalam masyarakat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">CIBER CRIME dapat diartikan sebagai kejahatan siber yang dilakukan
yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi internet di dunia maya. Menurut
Tavani (2000) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/115A01/pengertian-cyber-crime">http://www.slideshare.net/115A01/pengertian-cyber-crime</a></span><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Jelaskan
kategori-kategori dalam cybercrime?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">a)</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">CYBERVANDALISM</span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Penggunaan teknologi komputer
untuk membuat program yang mengganggu proses transmisi informasi elektronik,
dan menghancurkan data di komputer<br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b)</span></strong><strong> </strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">CYBERPIRACY</span></strong><br />
Penggunaan teknologi komputer untuk mencetak ulang software atau informasi, dan
mendistribusikan informasi atau software tersebut melalui jaringan komputer<br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c) </span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">CYBERTRESPASS</span></strong><br />
Penggunaan teknologi komputer untuk meningkatkan akses pada<br />
sistem komputer sebuah organisasi atau individu, dan website yang di-protect
dengan password<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><a href="http://eptikseven.weebly.com/kategori-cyber-crime.html" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://eptikseven.weebly.com/kategori-cyber-crime.html</a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Kapan
sebuah tindakan kriminal dianggap sebagai cybercrime?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Saat
tindakan tersebut dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi komputer yang
berbasis pada kecanggihan perkembangan teknologi internet. Artinya tindakan
tersebut dilakukan di dunia maya dimana pengguna bebas mengakses apapun dengan
perantara internet. Contohnya penggunaan teknologi komputer(internet) untuk
meningkatkan akses pada sistem komputer sebuah organisasi atau individu dan
penggunaan teknologi komputer(internet) untuk mengakses web site yang di
protect dengan password<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/ijalmustofa/cyber-crime-21389307#btnNext">http://www.slideshare.net/ijalmustofa/cyber-crime-21389307#btnNext</a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Apakah
semua kejahatan yang menggunakan komputer bisa dianggap sebagai cybercrime?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tidak.
Selama itu tidak memanfaatkan teknologi komputer dalam hal ini internet sebagai
perantara untuk melakukan tindakan tersebut, maka itu tidak dapat dinyatakan
sebagai cybercrime. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Contohnya
seseorang menggunakan komputer untuk penggelapan pajak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/ijalmustofa/cyber-crime-21389307#btnNext">http://www.slideshare.net/ijalmustofa/cyber-crime-21389307#btnNext</a></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Berdasarkan jawaban sebelumnya, silahkan Anda menjawab
pertanyaan berikut ini: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berikan contoh upaya mengatasi cybercrime
di Indonesia dan jelaskan efektifitas dari upaya tersebut!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Di Indonesia
sendiri dalam menanggulangi tindak kejahatan di bidang teknologi sudah dicoba
melalui beberapa cara, sebagai contoh pemerintah sudah membuat Undang- Undang
ITE ( Undang-Undang tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik), namun
Undang-Undang ini akan tidak berguna apabila tidak di terapkan secara serius,
dan apabila tidak disertai kesadaran masyarakat maupun aparat mengenai
pentingnya kesadaran akan pencegahan di dunia maya. menurut penulis beberapa
hal yang harus di lakukan untuk pencegahan peningkatan cybercrime di indonesia
adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">perlu
adanya Undang-Undang yang kuat yang mengatur mengenai tindak kejahatan dibidang
TI, serta komitmen pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam menjalankanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">pemerintah
juga harus proaktif dalam melakukan diplomasi atau pun kerjasama dalam bidang
hukum maupun TI dengan negara-negara lain, karena tidak menutup kemungkinan
pelaku cybercrime berasal dari negara lain. dan dengan adanya kerja sama maka
semakin kuat lah penerapan Undang-Undang yang berlaku.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">perlu
ada nya evaluasi berkala dan tidak menutup kemungkinan akan ada nya perubahan
Undang-Undang mengenai Cybercrime, hal ini dikarenakan Tingkat perkembangan
Teknologi yang sangat pesat, sehingga sangat diharuskan agar Undang-Undang
tetap bisa bertahan/beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi yang ada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">meningkatkan
penggunaan teknologi yang lebih aman, dan di sertai peningkatan sumber daya
manusia dalam mengelolanya, sehingga memperkecil celah keamanan yang bisa di
manfaatkan oleh para cybercrime<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">menanamkan
kesadaran akan bahayanya cybercrime dan bagaimana menanggulangi nya kepada
masyarakat, sehingga mengurangi kesempatan para cybercrime dalam memanfaatkan
kelengahan masyarakat dalam menggunakan teknologi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">kesimpulanya dalam menanggulangi
cybercrime yang ada, tergantung dari perlengkapan yang di gunakan dan tingkat
kesadaran bagi para pengguna yang berhubungan dengan teknologi tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com54tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-11978298464959271472013-07-28T21:46:00.001-07:002013-07-28T21:46:46.570-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Etika Profesi dan Pengembangan Diri<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tugas 5</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelompok 8 :</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tyas Kristyana
682012063</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gishella Wahongan 682012061</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cadwell
Rumagit 682012058</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Vinilia
Kamuh
682012049</span><span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #362a25; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Guido
Walujan
682012042<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan Hak Atas Kekayaan
Intelektual dan bagaimana proses lahirnya kekayaan intelektual!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual
(HAKI)</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">ini merupakan padanan dari bahasa Inggris Intellectual Property
Right. Kata "intelektual" tercermin bahwa obyek kekayaan intelektual
tersebut adalah kecerdasan, daya pikir, atau produk pemikiran manusia (the
Creations of the Human Mind) (WIPO, 1988:3).Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HAKI)
adalah hak eksklusif </span>y<span lang="EN-US">ang diberikan suatu peraturan kepada seseorang atau sekelompok
orang atas karya ciptanya. Secara sederhana HAKI mencakup Hak Cipta, Hak Paten </span>d<span lang="EN-US">an Hak Merk. Namun jika dilihat
lebih rinci HAKI merupakan bagian dari benda (Saidin : 1995), yaitu benda tidak
berwujud (benda imateriil). Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HAKI) termasuk
dalam bagian hak atas benda tak berwujud (seperti</span> Hak<span lang="EN-US"> Paten, </span>M<span lang="EN-US">erek, </span>d<span lang="EN-US">an cipta). Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual sifatnya berwujud, berupa
informasi, ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, sastra, keterampilan Dan
sebaginya Yang tidak mempunyai bentuk tertentu.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt;">
Istilah Hak
Milik Intelektual (HAMI) atau yang dikenal dalam bahasa asing Dgeistiges
EigentumW (Jerman), atau intellectual property right (Inggris), atau
intelectuele propriété (Perancis) sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemikiran John Locke
tentang hak milik. Dalam bukunya, Locke mengatakan bahwa hak milik dari seorang
manusia terhadap benda yang dihasilkannya itu sudah ada sejak manusiaitu lahir.
Jadi benda dalam pengertian di sini tidak hanya benda yang berwujudtetapi juga
benda yang abstrak, yang disebut dengan hak milik atas benda yangtidak berwujud
yang merupakan hasil dari intelektualitas manusia7.Sehubungan dengan munculnya
ajaran baru tentang Hak Milik Intelektual,I. Kant dalam bukunya DVon der
Unrechtmäßigkeit des BüchernachdrucksW tahun1785 menekankan, bahwa si pencipta
(Autor) memiliki hak yang tidak bisa dilihatatas karyanya, yang oleh Kant hak
itu disebut dengan Dius personalissimusW, yaituhak yang lahir dari dalam
dirinya sendiri (hak kepribadian). Seorang filsuf Fichte mengutarakan, bahwa seorang autor
mempunyai hak atas suatukarya intelektualitasnya. Fichte lalu membedakan antara
buku yang merupakanhasil karya dalam bentuk cetakan dengan isi dari buku itu
sendiri (tulisannya).<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="2" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengapa kekayaan intelektual harus dihargai dan dilindungi?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Karena
kekayaan intelektual seperti penjelasan diatas merupakan sesuatu yang
dihasilkan dari pemikiran-pemikiran seseorang, dan seseorang tersebut berhak
penuh atas hasil dari pemikiran-pemikirannya tersebut, sehingga perlindungan
diperlukan untuk menghindari adanya hal-hal yang dapat membatasi atau merenggut
pemikiran-pemikiran seseorang yang dituangkan dalam bentuk karyanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="background-color: #dddddd; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="3" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebutkan obyek bidang HAKI yang dikenal di Indonesia!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">ekayaan intelektual di</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span style="background: white;">Indonesia</span> <span style="background: white;">mencakup</span> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak Cipta</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span style="background: white;">dan <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kekayaan
Industri, yang terdiri atas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span style="background: white;">Paten,</span> <span style="background: white;">Merek,</span> <span style="background: white;">Desain
Industri,</span> <span style="background: white;">Desain Tata Letak Sirkuit</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terpadu,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span style="background: white;">Rahasia Dagang</span> <span style="background: white;">dan</span> <span style="background: white;">Perlindungan Varietas
Tanaman<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<ol start="4" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan perbedaan antara hak cipta, paten, desain industri
dan merek!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">H</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">ak cipta</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak
Cipta adalah hak khusus bagi pencipta untuk mengumumkan atau memperbanyak
ciptaannya. Termasuk ciptaan yang dilindungi adalah ciptaan dalam bidang ilmu
pengetahuan, sastra dan seni.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berdasarkan
Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 Tentang Hak Cipta : </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak Cipta adalah hak eksklusif bagi Pencipta atau
penerima hak untuk mengumumkan atau memperbanyak Ciptaannya atau memberikan izin
untuk itu dengan tidak mengurangi pembatasan-pembatasan menurut peraturan
perundang-undangan yang berlaku.(Pasal 1 ayat 1) .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak cipta diberikan terhadap ciptaan dalam ruang lingkup bidang ilmu
pengetahuan, kesenian, dan kesusasteraan. Hak cipta hanya diberikan secara
eksklusif kepada pencipta, yaitu "seorang atau beberapa orang secara
bersama-sama yang atas inspirasinya lahir suatu ciptaan berdasarkan pikiran,
imajinasi, kecekatan, keterampilan atau keahlian yang dituangkan dalam bentuk
yang khas dan bersifat pribadi".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Paten</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 14
Tahun 2001: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Paten adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh Negara
kepada Inventor atas hasil invensinya di bidang teknologi, yang untuk selama
waktu tertentu melaksanakan sendiri invensinya tersebut atau memberikan
persetujuannya kepada pihak lain untuk melaksanakannya (Pasal 1 Ayat 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hak khusus yang diberikan negara kepada penemu atas hasil
penemuannya di bidang teknologi, untuk selama waktu tertentu melaksanakan
sendiri penemuannya tersebut atau memberikan persetujuan kepada orang lain
untuk melaksanakannya (Pasal 1 Undang-undang Paten).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Paten diberikan dalam ruang lingkup bidang teknologi, yaitu ilmu
pengetahuan yang diterapkan dalam proses industri. Di samping paten, dikenal
pula paten sederhana (utility models) yang hampir sama dengan paten, tetapi
memiliki syarat-syarat perlindungan yang lebih sederhana. Paten dan paten
sederhana di Indonesia diatur dalam Undang-Undang Paten (UUP).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Paten hanya diberikan negara kepada penemu yang telah menemukan
suatu penemuan (baru) di bidang teknologi. Yang dimaksud dengan penemuan adalah
kegiatan pemecahan masalah tertentu di bidang teknologi yang berupa :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">proses;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">hasil produksi;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">penyempurnaan dan pengembangan
proses;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">penyempurnaan dan pengembangan hasil
produksi;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Desain industry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 31
Tahun 2000 Tentang Desain Industri) : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Desain Industri adalah suatu kreasi tentang bentuk,
konfigurasi, atau komposisi garis atau warna, atau garis dan warna, atau
gabungan daripadanya yang berbentuk tiga dimensi atau dua dimensi yang
memberikan kesan estetis dan dapat diwujudkan dalam pola tiga dimensi atau dua
dimensi serta dapat dipakai untuk menghasilkan suatu produk, barang, komoditas
industri, atau kerajinan tangan. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Pasal
1 Ayat 1) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Merk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2001 : </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merek adalah tanda yang berupa gambar, nama, kata, huruf- huruf, angka-
angka, susunan warna, atau kombinasi dari unsur- unsur tersebut yang memiliki
daya pembeda dan digunakan dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang atau jasa. (Pasal
1 Ayat 1).</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merek
merupakan tanda yang digunakan untuk membedakan produk (barang dan atau jasa)
tertentu dengan yang lainnya dalam rangka memperlancar perdagangan, menjaga
kualitas, dan melindungi produsen dan konsumen.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merek adalah anda yang berupa gambar, nama, kata, huruf-huruf, angka-angka,
susunan warna atau kombinasi dari unsur-unsur tersebut yang memiliki daya
pembeda dan digunakan dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang atau jasa (Pasal 1
Undang-undang Merek).</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sebut dan jelaskan jenis-jenis
pembajakan piranti lunak!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Untuk
jenis pembajakan perangkat lunak atau pembajakan yang berhubungan dengan
penggunaan perangkat lunak ilegal dan berbagai jenis pembajakan dikategorikan
sebagai berikut </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menggunakan
versi tunggal lisensi pada beberapa computer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Memuat
perangkat lunak di komputer tanpa memberikan lisensi yang sesuai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menggunakan key
generator untuk menghasilkan kunci pendaftaran yang mengubah sebuah versi
evaluasi menjadi versi berlisensi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menggunakan
kartu kredit curian untuk menipu membeli lisensi perangkat lunak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengirim
versi lisensi produk perangkat lunak di internet dan membuatnya tersedia untuk
diunduh</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Berdasarkan jawaban sebelumnya,
silahkan Anda menjawab pertanyaan berikut ini:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengapa pembajak piranti lunak di Indonesia terus bertambah
meskipun peraturan yang melarangnya sudah ada sejak lama? Jelaskan
bagaimana cara mengatasi pembajakan perangkat lunak di Indonesia dan
berikan contoh konkritnya!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">penyebab pembajakan software komputer di negeri ini semakin hari bertambah
terus, antara lain :</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ketidaktahuan.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Banyak masyarakat Indonesia yang
masih awam dan buta tentang adanya software original dan bajakan. Dapat memakai
atau mengenal komputer saja sudah merupakan ‘kebanggaan’ tersendiri sehingga
jangankan memikirkan apakah software yang dipakai legal atau tidak, bahkan
urusan ‘apa itu’ software sendiri saja belum tentupaham.<br />
Dalam pikiran kebanyakan dari mereka, saat membeli komputer, entah baru atau
second, yang penting dapat berjalan dan dioperasikan. Penjual komputer juga
jarang yang memberitahu secara detail tentang software original atau bajakan.
Mungkin akan banyak masyarakat yang urung membeli komputer jika tahu bahwa
harga software yang harus ditanggung lebih mahal dari harga perangkat komputer
itu sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Buah simalakama para penegak hukum<b>. </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Para penegak hukum di Indonesia
juga serba salah untuk menindak para pemakai software bajakan. Kadang para
aparat sendiri juga memakai software bajakan untuk tugas sehari-hari, selain
itu mereka akan berpikir dua kali untuk semana-mena menangkap semua pemakai
software bajakan. Karena boleh jadi keluarga atau tetangga dekat mereka ikut
terciduk, sehingga ‘penjara’ akan penuh dengan 86% pengguna komputer di
Indonesia yang tertangkap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Harga Software yang relatif ‘mahal’.<b> </b><br />
Pihak produsen mungkin ‘lupa’ bahwa daya beli masyarakat di masing-masing
negara jauh berbeda. Harga sebuah software seharga $80 - $300 di Negara maju
adalah biasa dan terjangkau, namun tidak untuk negara berkembang bahkan miskin.<br />
Harga tersebut lebih baik dibelikan kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Seharusnya
pihak produsen menyesuaikan daya beli masyarakat sehingga masing-masing pihak
dapat terbantu. Sekarang bayangkan saja, andai sebuah Microsoft Windows Home
Edition dibrandol Rp 25.000,- khusus untuk pengguna di Indonesia maka berapa
pemasukan yang akan didapatkan pihak Microsoft dibandingkan jika masyarakat
menggunakan software bajakan.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mudahnya mencari bajakan<b>. </b><br />
Dari Internet, di lapak-lapak pinggir jalan atau kemampuan penggandaan dengan
dvd/cd ROM menjadikan software original begitu mudah digandakan. Jika kita
ingin sekadar tahu tentang software original saja sudah begitu ribet maka jalan
pintas yang mudah dan murah tersedia di banyak tempat tentu akan menggoda para
pemakai komputer.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kurangnya sosialisasi software alternatif<b>. </b><br />
Sebetulnya sudah banyak sekali pengembang software komputer yang membagikan
secara ‘gratis’. Sayangnya karena bersifat ‘open’ maka memunculkan banyak
aplikasi yang tentu semakin membuat bingung para orang awam. Ditambah
sosialisasi yang kurang dari pemerintah dan pemerhati software komputer
alternatif ini terhadap masyarakat awam.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berikut ini adalah beberapa solusi yang dapat digunakan untuk mencegah
semakin maraknya pembajakan software, antara lain : </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perlu adanya kesadaran masyarakat bahwa software telah memudahkan kita
untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan. Karena itu keberadaan software harus dihargai
dengan cara membeli software yang asli berlisensi dari perusahaan pembuatnya.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Untuk mengatasi harga software yang relatif tinggi, saat ini sudah banyak
free software (software gratis) dan software yang bersifat open source , yang
memperbolehkan kita untuk menggunakannya dan menggandakannya selama tidak
digunakan untuk komersial lainnya maka software open source ini gratis untuk
digunakan oleh pemilik komputer.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Maraknya penjualan software bajakan di tempat publik seperti mal atau pasar
dapat diatasi sejalan dengan ditingkatkannya penegakkan hukum dan pemberian
sanksi yang berat bagi pelaku pembajakan software.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Untuk menghindari softwarenya dibajak, para perusahaan produsen software
telah memiliki terobosan baru. Para pemilik software original diberikan
fasilitas khusus seperti bisa mengupdate softwarenya dengan versi terbaru
secara gratis atau dengan memberikan fitur tambahan bagi komputer dengan
software original.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">contohnya:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">J</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">akarta (ANTARA News) - Direktorat Reserse Kriminal Khusus Polda Metro Jaya
menangkap tiga tersangka pembajakan piranti lunak (software) komputer di
Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara, akhir pekan kemarin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menurut Kepala Bidang Humas Polda Metro Jaya AKBP Chryshnanda di Jakarta,
Senin, tersangka EB, JK, dan AT ditangkap di salah satu rumah yang mereka
gunakan untuk membajak piranti lunak tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“Polisi mempunyai bukti kuat bahwa mereka telah memproduksi dan menggandakan
piranti lunak dengan menggunakan mesin duplikator,” kata Chryshnanda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“Tidak hanya membajak program komputer yang saat ini sedang diminati pasar,
tapi juga program permainan (game),” katanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Para tersangka mengaku menjual hasil produksinya ke
para pedagang eceran di Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Barang bukti yang berhasil
disita antara lain sembilan mesin duplikator berkapasitas 75 lot dan 32 lot, CD
writer, 14.500 keping CD piranti lunak, 4.800 keping CD-R kosong, 28 unit
printer dan 45 dus isi label.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Polisi juga menyita tiga unit CPU, dua unit
keyboard, dua unit monitor, lima unit scanner dan satu pemotong kertas serta
satu mobil yang digunakan pelaku untuk mengangkut hasil produksi. Tersangka
dijerat dengan pasal 72 ayat 1 dan ayat 2 UU No 19 tahun 2002 tentang Hak
Cipta.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sumber<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://zaki-math.web.ugm.ac.id/matematika/etika_profesi/HAKI_09.ppt"><span lang="IN" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://zaki-math.web.ugm.ac.id/matematika/etika_profesi/HAKI_09.ppt</span></a></span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://fis.uii.ac.id/images/al-mawarid-edisi-ix-2003-01-syafrinaldi.pdf"><span lang="IN" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://fis.uii.ac.id/images/al-mawarid-edisi-ix-2003-01-syafrinaldi.pdf</span></a></span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://yusronmz.dosen.narotama.ac.id/files/2012/10/Materi-HaKI.ppt"><span lang="IN" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://yusronmz.dosen.narotama.ac.id/files/2012/10/Materi-HaKI.ppt</span></a></span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://zaki-math.web.ugm.ac.id/matematika/etika_profesi/HAKI_09.ppt"><span lang="IN" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://zaki-math.web.ugm.ac.id/matematika/etika_profesi/HAKI_09.ppt</span></a></span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com150tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-82045599909901243722013-07-28T21:17:00.002-07:002013-07-28T21:17:47.905-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Etika Profesi dan
Pengembangan Diri</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Tugas 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok 8 :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Tyas
Kristyana 682012063<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Gishella
Wahongan 682012061<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Cadwell
Rumagit 682012058<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Vinilia
Kamuh 682012049<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">Guido
Walujan 682012042<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
era informasi ini dikenal ada 4 (empat) hal yang merupakan isu utama yaitu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Privacy, Accuracy, Property,
Accessibility</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(PAPA). Jelaskan
masing-masing dan berikan contoh konkrit berdasarkan penjelasan Anda
terhadap isu-isu utama tersebut!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Hak atas privacy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Hakim Pengadilan Tinggi Louis Brandeis dikenal
karena mengakui “ hak untuk dibiarkan menyendiri “. Mason menganggap hak ini
sedang terancam karena dua kekuatan. Yang satu adalah meningkatnya kemampuan
computer untuk digunakan bagi pengintaian dan yang lain adalah meningkatnya
nilai informasi dalam pengambilan keputusan.Pemerintah federal mengatasi sebagian
masalah ini dalam Privacy Act of 1974. Namun, UU ini hanya mencakup pelanggaran
oleh pemerintah, dan penegakannya tidak tetap karena banyaknya lubang-lubang
dalam hukum.Menurut Mason para pembuat keputusan menempatkan nilai yang amat
tinggi pada informasi sehingga mereka sering kali melanggar hak privasi
seseorang untuk mendapatkannya. Para peneliti pemasaran sering kali ditemukan
menyelidiki samaph orang lain untuk mempelajari produk apa yang mereka beli,
dan pejabat pemerintahan seringkali menempatkan monitor di toilet untuk
mengumpulakan statistic lalu lintas yang akan digunakan untuk menjustifikasi
perluasan fasilitas tersebut.Hal ini merupakan contoh dari pengintaian yang
tidak menggunakan computer. Masyaraka</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">t </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">umum sadar bahwa computer dapat digunakan untuk tujuan ini, namun
mungkin tidak sadar akan kemudahan dimana data pribadi dapat diakses, khususnya
dengan menggunakan internet. Jika anda tahu bagaimana cara melakukan proses
pencarian dan mau membayar sejumlah biaya seiring proses tersebut. Anda dapat
mendapatkan informasi pribadi dan finansial apa saja mengenai warga negara
sipil.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Hak atas akurasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Computer dipercaya mampu mencapai tingkat
akurasi yang tidak dapat dicapai oleh system nonkomputer. Potensi ini selalu
ada, tetapi tidak selalu tercapai. Sebagian system berbasis computer mengandung
kesalahan lebih banyak daripada yang dapat ditolerir system manual. Dalam
banyak kasus, kerusakan terbatas pada gangguan sementara, seperti saat anda
harus memprotes penagihan yang telah anda bayar. Dalam kasus lain, biayanya
mungkin lebih besar.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Contoh : Pada tahun 1993, NASA meluncurkan suatu
misi angkasa yang berhasil memperbaiki cacat pada cermin teleskop antariksa
Hubble. Cacat ini terjadi karena input data yang buruk pada model computer yang
mensimulasikan operasi cermin. Untuk menekan biaya, manajemen NASA telah
memilih untuk terus menggunakan model tersebut daripada mengadakan test
fisik.kegagalan system berbasis computer untuk mencapai tingkat akurasi yang
diperluakan dapat menimbulkan biaya pada masyarakat yang diukur dalam uang,
jasa bahkan nyawa.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Hak atas kepemilikan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Berikut ini</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> hak kepemilikan intelektual, biasanya dalam
bentuk program computer. Vendor peranti lunak dapat menghindari pencurian hak
kepemilikan intelektual melalui undang-undang hak cipta, hak paten, dan
persetujuan lisensi. Hingga tahun 1980-an, peranti lunak tidak dilindungi oleh
hak cipta atau hukum paten. Sekarang, keduanya dapat digunakan untuk memberiakn
perlindungan yang kuat di negara-negara dimana hukum ini diterapkan, dimana
suatu tiruan yang sempurna akan versi yang asli tidak harus diperoleh untuk
mendapatkan pengakuan perlindungan hak cipta ini.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Vendor peranti lunak
mencoba untuk menutup lubang-lubang pada hukum ini melalui perjanjian lisensi
yang harus disetujui oleh para pelanggan mereka saat mereka menggunakan peranti
lunak tersebut. Pelanggaran dari perjanjian ini dapat menyeret pelanggan ke
pengadilan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Hak atas akses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sebelum diperkenalkannya database atau basis
data yang terkomputerisasi, kebanyakan informasi tersedia untuk masyarakat umum
dalam bentuk dokumen cetak atau gambar mikroformat yang disimpan di
perpustakaan. Informasi ini berisikan berita, hasil penelitian ilmiah,
statistic pemerintah, dll. Sekarang, kebanyakan informasi ini telah
dikonversikan ke basis data komersial, sehingga membuat ketersediannya
masyarakat untuk berkurang. Untuk mengakses informasi ini, seseorang harus
memiliki peranti keras dan peranti lunak computer yang diharuskan dan membayar
biaya akses. Mengingat computer dapat mengakses data dari penyimpanan lebih
cepat dan lebih mudah dibandingkan jenis teknologi lain, ironis bahwa hak
mendapatkan akses menjadi isu etika era modern.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Berdasarkan jawaban sebelumnya, silahkan Anda
menjawab pertanyaan berikut ini:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 11.85pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seandainya
pekerjaan anda saat ini adalah seorang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">database administrator</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> pada perusahaan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Internet Service Provider</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(ISP). Kemudian anda diberi
tugas mengamati trafik pengguna sehingga akan mengamati akses melalui
web log. Apakah Anda dibenarkan mereview akses data sehingga anda
mengetahui hal-hal yang dilakukan pengguna? Apa saja yang boleh anda
lakukan dan apa yang tidak boleh? Jelaskan mengapa demikian!</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Menurut Kmi, Kami tidak membenarkan hal
tersebut. Karena menurut kami jika hanya ingin mengamati trafik pengguna tidak
perlu untuk mengetahui seluk beluk hal-hal yang dilakukan pengguna, cukup
mengetahui website-website apa saja yang dikunjunginya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Apa saja yang boleh
dilakukan dan yang tidak boleh dilakukan itu harus berdasarkan ketetuan yang
diberlakukan di perusahan serta berpedoman pada etika profesi sesuai dengan
jabatan yang diduduki.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sumber<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://sylvia-o-h-11-fisip11.web.unair.ac.id/artikel_detail-79655-Umum-ETHIC%20DALAM%20TEKNOLOGI%20INFORMASI.html"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://sylvia-o-h-11-fisip11.web.unair.ac.id/artikel_detail-79655-Umum-ETHIC%20DALAM%20TEKNOLOGI%20INFORMASI.html</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com46tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-44259674206190089292013-07-28T21:05:00.003-07:002013-07-28T21:05:53.505-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Etika Profesi dan Pengembangan diri<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Tugas 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kelompok 8 :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Tyas Kristyana 682012063<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Gishella Wahongan 682012061<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Cadwell Rumagit 682012058<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Vinilia Kamuh 682012049<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Guido Walujan 682012042<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 11.85pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">United
Nations</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (UN) mengklasifikasikan
sumber daya manusia TI dalam 2 (dua) kategori. Sebutkan dan jelaskan kategori
SDM TI tersebut!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">IT</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'MS Gothic';">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Worker</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'MS Gothic';">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'MS Gothic';">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ITEnabled</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'MS Gothic';">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Worker.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Yang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">dimaksud</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">dengan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">IT</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Worker</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(disingkat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ITW)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">adalah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">mereka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">yang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">memiliki</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">kompetensi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">keahlian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">khusus</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">untuk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">melahirkan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">karya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">cipta</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(inovasi)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">dibidang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">informatika,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">seperti:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">program,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">aplikasi,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">algorima,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">perangkat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">keras,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">metodologi,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">pendekatan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">implementasi,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">dan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">lain</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">sebagainya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sementara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ITEnabled</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Worker</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(disingkat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">IEW)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">adalah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">mereka</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">yang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">memiliki</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ketrampilan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">dalam</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">menggunakan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">atau</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">me</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Cambria Math', serif;">‐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">utilisasi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">teknologi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">informasi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">untuk</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">membantu</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">serta</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">menunjang</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">aktivitas</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">kesehari</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Cambria Math', serif;">‐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">harian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">mereka.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'MS Gothic';">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="2" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 11.85pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SRIG-PS
SEARCC (<i>South East Asia Regional Computer Confederation</i>) merupakan
suatu forum profesional TI di ASEAN yang mengemukakan beberapa kategori
profesional TI. Sebutkan dan jelaskan jenis kategori profesional TI menurut
forum ini!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jenis pekerjaan di bidang TI yang antara lain meliputi : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Programmer</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merupakan bidang pekerjaan untuk melakukan pemrograman komputer terhadap
suatu sistem yang telah dirancang sebelumnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jenis pekerjaan ini memiliki 3 tingkatan yaitu : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Supervised</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> (terbimbing). Tingkatan awal dengan 0-2 tahun pengalaman, membutuhkan pengawasan
dan petunjuk dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Moderately
supervised</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> (madya). Tugas kecil dapat dikerjakan oleh
mereka tetapi tetap membutuhkan bimbingan untuk tugas yang lebih besar, 3-5
tahun pengalaman .</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Independent/Managing</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> (mandiri). Memulai tugas, tidak membutuhkan bimbingan dalam pelaksanaan
tugas. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">System Analyst </span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(Analis Sistem) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merupakan bidang pekerjaan untuk melakukan analisis dan
desain terhadap sebuah sistem sebelum dilakukan implementasi atau pemrograman
lebih lanjut. Analisis dan desain merupakan kunci awal untuk keberhasilan
sebuah proyek-proyek berbasis komputer. Jenis pekerjaan ini juga memiliki 3
tingkatan seperti halnya pada programmer. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Project Manager </span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(Manajer Proyek) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pekerjaan untuk melakukan manajemen terhadap
proyek-proyek berbasis sistem informasi. Level ini adalah level pengambil keputusan.
Jenis pekerjaan ini juga memiliki 3 tingkatan seperti halnya pada programmer,
terhgantung pada kualifikasi proyek yang dikerjakannya. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Instructor </span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(Instruktur) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Berperan dalam melakukan bimbingan, pendidikan dan pengarahan baik terhadap
anak didik maupun pekerja level di bawahnya. Jenis pekerjaan ini juga memiliki
3 tingkatan seperti halnya pada programmer. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Specialist.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pekerjaan ini merupakan pekerjaan yang membutuhkan keahlian khusus.<i> </i>Berbeda
dengan pekerjaan-pekerjaan yang lain,
pekerjaan ini hanya memiliki satu level saja yaitu <i>independent </i>(<i>managing</i>),
dengan asumsi bahwa hanya orang dengan kualifikasi yang ahli dibidang tersebut
yang memiliki tingkat profesi spesialis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pekerjaan spesialis menurut model SEARCC ini terdiri dari : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Data
Communication </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Database </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Security </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Quality
Assurances </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">IS Audit </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">System Software
Support </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Distributed
System <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">System Integration </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dari berbagai jenis pekerjaan seperti di
atas, memang ada pula kecenderungan untuk menyederhanakan departemen TI dengan
mengisi hanya beberapa posisi tetapi dengan tanggung jawab yang mencakup banyak
hal. Posisi <i>Programmer</i> dan <i>System Analyst</i> adalah dua dari
beberapa posisi terdepan yang banyak dicari oleh perusahaan-perusahaan. Jika lulusan TI lebih mengincar bidang kerja
yang sesuai keahliannya, yaitu sebagai <i>Programmer</i> dan <i>System Analyst</i>,
mereka harus memperhatikan kualifikasi utama, yaitu <i>technical knowledge </i>dan
<i>technical skill</i>. Hal lain yang harus dipenuhi adalah kemampuan <i>analythical
thinking </i>dan orientasi kualitas yang tinggi, ketahanan kerja dalam jangka
waktu yang lama sertaattention to detail yang juga tinggi. Disamping dua posisi
tersebut, posisi <i>IT sales</i> juga merupakan salah satu posisi yang banyak
dicari perusahaan. Pada posisi sales,
para profesional di bidang teknologi informasi
tentunya memiliki kelebihan dengan adanya penguasaan TI yang baik
sebagai <i>product knowledge.</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="3" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 11.85pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sejak
tahun 1992 pemerintah Indonesia melakukan klasifikasi pekerjaan bidang
teknologi informasi pada institusi pemerintahan (pranata komputer). Sebut
dan jelaskan jenjang dan pangkat pranata komputer pada institusi
pemerintahan di Indonesia!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>i.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">TERAMPIL :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pranata Komputer
Pelaksana Pemula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">engoperasikan computer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">elakukan perekaman data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pranata Komputer
Pelaksana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">engoperasi computer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">elakukan perekaman data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">emasang dan/atau
memelihara sestem computer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">emasang dan/atau
memelihara sestem jaringan computer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">elakukan pemrograman
dasar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pranata Komputer
Pelaksana Lanjutan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">elakukan perekaman data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">elakukan pemrograman
menengah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">enerapkan sistem operasi
computer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pranata Komputer
Penyelia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">elakukan pemrograman lanjut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">enerapkan sistem operasi
computer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>ii.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">AHLI :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pranata Komputer Pertama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mengimplementasikan sistem komputer dan program paket<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mengimplementasikan database<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mengimplementasikan sistem jaringan computer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merancang sistem informasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pranata Komputer Muda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Menganalisis sistem informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merancang sistem informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merancang sistem computer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merancang dan mengembangkan database<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merancang sistem jaringan komputer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pranata Komputer Madya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merencanakan sistem informasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mengembakan sistem informasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pranata Komputer Utama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merumuskan visi dan misi sistem informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Merumuskan strategi sistem informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="4" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 11.85pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebutkan
dan jelaskan jenis-jenis profesi bidang TI yang anda ketahui! <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Network System (Bagian
Sistem Jaringan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dalam bagian sistem jaringan ini kita juga dapat
menyebutkan contoh jenis profesi yang termasuk dalam bagian ini yaitu; Network
Administrator, Teknisi jaringan, PC Support, Analis Data Komunikasi,
Administrator Keamanan jaringan. Pada bagian ini peluang dalam dunia kerja
masih banyak sekali di butuhkan oleh perusahaan IT maupun non-IT.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Informatian Support and
Service (Pelayanan Informasi dan Dukungan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Bagian Profesi pekerjaan ini membantu kita untuk
memperoleh data dan informasi, Bagian ini juga meliputi custumer service
helpdek, kemudian teknikal support yang bekerja untuk membantu proses pekerjaan
jika ada yang bermasalah dengan komputer secara umum. Kemudian Database
Administrator yang sangat di perlukan untuk mengatur data-data yang di miliki
oleh sebuah oraganisasi maupun perusahaan.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Interactive Media
(Bagian Media Interaktif)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Berhubungan dengan media merupakan salah satu
karakteristik dalam dunia informasi, semua harus menggunakan media. Jadi bagian
web development, web desain, penggambar 3D, dan jenis pekerjaan yang sedikit
membutuhkan seni sangat di perlukan pada jenis profesi dalam bidang tekhnologi
informasi ini. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Programming Software
Enginerring (Bagian Teknik Pemogramman Software)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dunia komputer tidak lepas dengan namanya
program, jika dunia komputer tanpa program, sama saja manusia tanpa otak. Jadi
bidang programmer dan system analis sangat di perlukan sekali dalam bidang
komputer. Jenis bidang IT yang memiliki gaji lumayan besar terletak pada bidang
ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="5" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 11.85pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengapa
diperlukan spesialisasi dalam profesi bidang TI? Berikan contoh dan
jelaskan alasannya!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Karena jika seorang spesialis maka tentu
sudah sangat mengusasai hal-hal yang sangat berkaitan dengan profesinya, dan
dapat dikatakan bahwa sepenuhnya akan dapat menyelesaikan pekerjaannya sesuai
dengan apa yang diinginkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Contoh: seorang system analis. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">System analyst merancang solusi IT untuk
meningkatkan efisiensi bisnis dan produktifitas.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Bekerja
secara dekat dengan client, analyst memeriksa model bisnis dan aliran data,
mendiskusikan penemuan mereka dengan client, dan merancang solusi IT yang tepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mereka menghasilkan sketsa rancangan dan sistem
IT baru, menentukan operasi yang akan dijalankan oleh sistem, dan cara data
akan dilihat oleh user, memberikan rancangannya pada client dan setelah
disetujui, bekerja secara dekat dengan tim client untuk mengimplementasikan
solusi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Berhubungan secara luas dengan eksternal atau internal client<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Menganalisa sistem (yang sudah ada) client<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Menerjemahkan keperluan client ke dalam laporan singkat proyek
yang sangat khusus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mengenali pilihan untuk solusi potensial dan menilainya untuk
kecocokan teknis dan bisnis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Membuat solusi logis dan inovatif untuk permasalahan yang kompleks</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kemampuan untuk belajar dengan cepat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pendekatan logis dalam pemecahan masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Menyelidiki dan memiliki rasa ingin tahu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kemampuan presentasi</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hal-hal tersebut hanya dapat dilakukan oleh
orang yang berprofesi sebagai seorang system analis, karena seorang programer
hanya bergelut dengan coding dan algoritma dan mengalami kesulitan dalam
memahami proses bisnis menyeluruh yang terjadi baik diorganisasi maupun si
perusahan sedangkan manager hanya memahami proses bisnis secara menyeluruh dan
tidak memahami bagaimana cara mengimplementasi secara teknis dalam suatu
software aplikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Berdasarkan jawaban sebelumnya, silahkan Anda menjawab pertanyaan berikut
ini:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 11.85pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebagai
seorang yang baru lulus kuliah (<i>fresh graduate</i>) dan memiliki ilmu
dan keterampilan dalam bidang TI, maka profesi TI apa yang pertama kali
anda pilih? Mengapa demikian dan jelaskan kaitannya dengan ilmu serta
keterampilan yang anda miliki!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 11.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sistem analis : </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l13 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Karena dalam kelompok kami
semuanya anak SI, kita memilih sistem analis. Karena <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l13 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jika kami telah lulus dengan
gelar sarjana SI, kami yakin telah memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang
cukup untuk menjadi seorang sistem analyst. Pada sisi lain, profesi system
analyst di Indonesia merupakan suatu profesi yang unik dan masih jarang
ditemui, karena memadukan antara pengetahuan tentang proses bisnis dalam suatu
organisasi/perusahan dengan pengetahuan membuat,mengolah, dan mengimplementasikan
suatu software aplikasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sumber <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.ittelkom.ac.id/staf/faz/acuan_utk_kurikulum/Paper-KurikulumInformatika-v2.pdf"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">http://www.ittelkom.ac.id/staf/faz/acuan_utk_kurikulum/Paper-KurikulumInformatika-v2.pdf</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com224tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-56449209926484688832013-07-28T21:01:00.000-07:002013-07-28T21:01:37.805-07:00<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Etika Profesi dan Pengembangan Diri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p>Tugas 2</o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kelompok
8 :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Tyas Kristyana 682012063<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Gishella Wahongan 682012061<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Cadwell Rumagit 682012058<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Vinilia Kamuh 682012049<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Guido Walujan 682012042<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sebutkan
jenis-jenis kebutuhan manusia dan jelaskan bagaimana cara manusia dalam
memenuhi kebutuhannya tersebut?</span><span style="color: #bd1e1e; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 16.6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">A.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Manusia Berdasarkan Tingkat
Kepentingan / Prioritas</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 16.6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Primer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 16.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan primer adalah
kebutuhan yang benar-benar amat sangat dibutuhkan orang dan sifatnya wajib
untuk dipenuhi. Contohnya adalah seperti sembilan bahan makanan pokok /
sembako, rumah tempat tinggal, pakaian, dan lain sebagainya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 16.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Sekunder<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan sekunder
adalah merupakan jenis kebutuhan yang diperlukan setelah semua kebutuhan pokok
primer telah semuanya terpenuhi dengan baik. Kebutuhan sekunder sifatnya
menunjang kebutuhan primer. Misalnya seperti makanan yang bergizi, pendidikan
yang baik, pakaian yang baik, perumahan yang baik, dan sebagainya yang belum
masuk dalam kategori mewah</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Tersier / Mewah / Lux<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan tersier adalah
kebutuhan manusia yang sifatnya mewah, tidak sederhana dan berlebihan yang
timbul setelah terpenuhinya kebutuhan primer dan kebutuhan skunder. Contohnya
adalah mobil, antena parabola, pda phone, komputer laptop notebook, tv 50
inchi, jalan-jalan ke hawaii, apartemen, dan lain sebagainya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 13.5pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Dari ketiga kebutuhan
tersebut, manusia dapat memenuhi kebutuhannya dengan. </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 13.5pt; text-indent: 36pt;">Cara bekerja untuk
mndapatkan uang . kemudian uang tersebut untuk memenuhi </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 13.5pt; text-indent: 36pt;">kebutuhan yang
dibutuhkan.</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">B.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Manusia Berdasarkan Sifat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> Jasmani / Kebutuhan Fisik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan jasmani adalah
kebutuhan yang berhubungan dengan badan lahiriah atau tubuh seseorang.
Contohnya seperti makanan, minuman, pakaian, sandal, pisau cukur, tidur, buang
air kecil dan besar, dan lain
sebagainya. Misalnya tidur, seseorang bisa istirahat yang cukup untuk
membugarkan tubuhnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Rohani / Kebutuhan Mental<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan rohani adalah
kebutuhan yang dibutuhkan seseorang untuk mendapatkan sesuatu bagi jiwanya
secara kejiwaan. Contohnya seperti mendengarkan musik, siraman rohani,
beribadah kepada Tuhan YME, bersosialisasi, pendidikan, rekreasi, hiburan, dan
lain-lain. Misalnya manusia akan merasa tenang dalam jiwanya ketika dia sudah
melakukan ibadah kepata YME. Maka manusia akan melakukan itu untuk memenuhi
kebutuhannya tersebut.</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">C.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Manusia Berdasarkan Waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Sekarang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan sekarang
adalah kebutuhan yang benar-benar diperlukan pada saat ini secara mendesak.
Contoh adalah kebelet pipis, makan karena sangat lapar, pengobatan akibat
kecelakaan, dan lain sebagainya. Misalnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan makan karena
lapar, seseorang tersebut harus membeli makan saat itu juga.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Masa Depan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan masa depan
adalah kebutuhan yang dapat ditunda serta dipenuhi di lain waktu di masa yang
akan datang. Contoh yaitu pergi haji, pendidikan tinggi, pahala untuk bekal
akherat, membeli mobil toyota yaris terbaru, dan lain sebagainya. Seseorang
akan pergi haji, tapi uangnya belum cukup untuk itu, maka seseorang tersebut
menabung untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">D.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Manusia Berdasarkan Subjek /
Subyek Penggunanya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Individual / Individu / Pribadi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan individu
adalah jenis kebutuhan yang dibutuhkan oleh orang perseorangan secara pribadi.
Contohnya adalah sikat gigi, menuntut ilmu, sholat lima waktu, makan, dan
banyak lagi contoh lainnya. Misalnya,
sholat 5 waktu. Seseorang menunaikan ibadah sholat 5 waktu untuk memenuhi
kebutuhan mereka sendiri melalui sholat 5 waktu agar semakin dekat dengan
rabb-Nya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan Sosial / Kolektif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebutuhan sosial adalah
kebutuhan akan berbagai barang dan jasa yang digunakan untuk memuaskan
kebutuhan sosial suatu kelompok masyarakat. Contohnya adalah jalan umum,
penerangan tempat umum, berserikat mengeluarkan pendapat, berbisnis,
berorganisasi, dan lain-lain. Misalnya disuatu desa ada jembatan yang rusak,
kemudian warga bersepakat gotong royong untuk memperbaiki jembatan tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://organisasi.org/kebutuhan_hidup_ekonomi_manusia_kebutuhan_primer_sekunder_tersier_jasmani_rohani_sekarang_masa_depan_pribadi_dan_sosial">http://organisasi.org/</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 16.6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Jelaskan
apa itu profesi dan mengapa diperlukan sikap profesional dalam menjalankan
profesi masing-masing? </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Menurut Kamus
Besar Bahasa Indonesia<o:p></o:p></div>
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Profesi adalah
bidang pekerjaan yang dilandasi pendidikan keahlian (ketrampilan, kejuruan, dan
sebagainya) tertentu.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Perlunya
sikap profesional dalam menjalankan profesi masing-masing. Sikap profesional
menunjukkan penghargaan kita terhadap diri kita sendiri serta profesi yang kita
tekuni. Serta agar kita menerima imbalan yang memuaskan dari profesi kita,
sikap profesionalisme dalam kerja diperlukan sebagai penuntun dan pengarah kita
agar melakukan yang terbaik sehingga kita menerima hasil yang memuaskan. <span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jelaskan
hubungan antara etika dan profesi serta jelaskan mengapa etika diperlukan dalam
menjalankan suatu profesi tertentu? Berikan contoh konkrit dalam penjelasan
anda!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hubungan etika dengan
profesi dan mengapa etika diperlukan dalam menjalankan suatu profesi karena
etika mencegah terjadinya hal-hal yang menyimpang dalam profesi dan menuntut
agar profesi harus dijalankan dengan penuh tanggung jawab,keadilan,otonomi.
Hubungan etika dengan profesi dan mengapa etika sangat diperlukan untuk
menjalankan suatu profesi lebih diperjelas lagi dalam kode etik profesi, dimana
kode etik profesi merupakan suatu aturan yang telah diterima oleh kelompok
sebagai landasan dan pedoman dalam melaksanakan tugas dan dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari. Kode etik berfugsi
memberikan pedoman bagi setiap anggota profesi tentang prinsip
profesionalitas yang digariskan,</span> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">sebagai sarana kontrol
sosial bagi masyarakat atas profesi yang bersangkutan,</span> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">mencegah campur tangan pihak di luar organisasi profesi tentang
hubungan etika dalam keanggotaan profesi.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Contoh
kasus hacking<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Pekerjaan hacker adalah menguji keamanan
sistem, misalnya saja seperti sistem komputer milik sebuah bank. hackerlah yang
memastikan bahwa tak ada lubang sekecil apa pun yang bisa dimasuki para peretas
komputer yang bengal atau cracker. charker adalah orang yang
menerobos keamanan sistem komputer tanpa ijin merupakan seorang pembobol. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #558ed5; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #558ED5; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: "lumm=60000 lumo=40000"; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><a href="http://catatan-si-kieboe.blogspot.com/2012/09/profesi-hacker-cukup-menjanjikan.html"><span style="color: #558ed5; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #558ED5; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: "lumm=60000 lumo=40000"; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">http://catatan-si-kieboe.blogspot.com/2012/09/profesi-hacker-cukup-menjanjikan.html</span></a></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Pembobolan Situs Milik
KPU. Pada hari Sabtu, 17 April 2004, Dani Firmansyah(25 th), konsultan
Teknologi Informasi (TI) PT Danareksa di Jakarta berhasil membobol situs milik
Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) di http://tnp.kpu.go.id dan mengubah nama-nama
partai di dalamnya menjadi nama-nama unik seperti Partai Kolor Ijo, Partai Mbah
Jambon, Partai Jambu, dan lain sebagainya. Dani menggunakan teknik SQL
Injection(pada dasarnya teknik tersebut adalah dengan cara mengetikkan string
atau perintah tertentu di address bar browser) untuk menjebol situs KPU.
Kemudian Dani tertangkap pada hari Kamis, 22 April 2004. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kenapa
hal tersebut temasuk pelanggran etika?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kasus tersebut sudah
sangat jelas termasuk pelanggaran etika, karena Dani Firmansyah selaku
tersangka dalam pembobolan situs KPU telah terbukti bersalah. Dia membobol
system keamanan situs KPU dan mengganti-ganti nama partai yang dapat
menyebabkan kerugian dan ketidaknyaman bagi pihak lain. Dan telah jelas pula
Dani Firmansyah menyalahgunakan keahliannya dalam bidang teknologi untuk
merugikan pihak lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.anneahira.com/etika-profesi.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://www.anneahira.com/etika-profesi.htm</span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<a href="http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/Etika%20profesi.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/Etika%20profesi.pdf</span></a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Apa
yang dimaksud dengan integritas profesi dan berikan contoh bagaimana
penerapannya!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Integritas
profesi adalah kualitas yang melandasi kepercayaan serta </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mutu, sifat, atau keadaan yg menunjukkan kesatuan yg
utuh sehingga memiliki potensi dan kemampuan yg memancarkan kewibawaan dan
kejujuran seseorang dalam melakukan pekerjaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh penerapannya :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Profesi
Wartawan </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wartawan
harus memiliki kepribadian dalam arti keutuhan dan keteguhan jati diri, serta
integritas dalam arti jujur, adil, arif dan terpercaya. Kepribadian dan
integritas wartawan yang ditetapkan di dalam Bab I Kode Etik Jurnalistik
mencerminkan tekad </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">wartawan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> mengembangkan dan memantapkan sosok Wartawan sebagai
profesional, penegak kebenaran, nasionalis, konstitusional dan demokratis serta
beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://velyrandyantini.blogspot.com/2012/12/integritas-dalam-etika-profesi.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://velyrandyantini.blogspot.com/2012/12/integritas-dalam-etika-profesi.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Bagaimana
cara mengkonversi ilmu yang dimiliki untuk mendukung keterampilan? Berikan
contoh konkrit bagaimana cara dan strateginya!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">lmu yang kita dapat seringkali tidak sesuai dengan keterampilan yang kita
miliki. Oleh sebab itu kita perlu mengkonversi ilmu yang kita miliki agar
sesuai dan dapat mendukung keterampilan yang dimiliki, ilmu yang kita miliki
juga dapat dikonversi dan menjadi suatu keterampilan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebuah profesi dapat melakukan praktek-praktek atau kegiatan khusus sesuai
tugas dan pekerjaan dengan baik dan tidak sekedar tahu banyak tentang teori
tetapi mampu mengaplikasikannya dalam kegiatan yang dilakukan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh : dalam proses studi kita
mempelari begitu banyak ilmu namun ada ilmu yang kusus untuk kita dalami.
Setelah turun kelapang kerja kita harus mempraktekan apa yang kita dapat dalam
teori-teori ilmu pada saat studi. Kita harus mampu mengaplikasikan dalam
perkerjaan yang kita ampuh. Seperti saat studi kita focus dalam dunia IT juga
ada sedikit berkaitan dengan ekonomi dan bisnis. Dalam dunia kerja nanti kita
mampu untuk membuat suatu inovasi dalam bekerja sesuai ilmu yang didapat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<a href="http://www.ittelkom.ac.id/staf/miq/Subject/Pengantar%20Sertifikasi%20Profesi/Chapter%201%20Etika%20dan%20Profesi.pptx" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://www.ittelkom.ac.id/staf/miq/Subject/Pengantar%20Sertifikasi%20Profesi/Chapter%201%20Etika%20dan%20Profesi.pptx</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Berdasarkan jawaban
sebelumnya, silahkan Anda menjawab pertanyaan berikut ini:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; line-height: 13.7pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengapa penguasaan ilmu dan
keterampilan perlu didukung oleh etika yang baik dalam menjalankan profesi
Anda? Berikan contoh untuk mendukung penjelasan Anda!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Karena setiap sesuatu
yang akan kita lakukan ada aturannya, yang disetiap kita berada mempunyai
aturan etika yang diakaui dan kita patuhi. Misalnya seorang guru, tidak baik
jika seorang guru mengajar muridnya sambil duduk di atas meja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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</div>
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com42tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-92101255624156330042013-07-28T20:46:00.000-07:002013-07-28T20:46:20.603-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika profesi dan Pengembangan Diri<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tugas 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok 8 :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tyas
Kristyana 682012063<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gishella
Wahongan 682012061<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cadwell
Rumagit 682012058<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Vinilia
Kamuh 682012049<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 99.25pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Guido
Walujan 682012042<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan
apa yang dimaksud dengan etika! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ilmu yang
membahas perbuatan baik dan perbuatan buruk manusia sejauh yang dapat dipahami
oleh pikiran dan akal budi manusia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan
hubungan antara etika dengan moral! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika berasal dari kata Yunani ethos, yang berarti “adat istiadat”
atau “kebiasaan”. Yang berarti etika berkaitan dengan kebisaan yang baik,
seperti nilai-nilai, tata cara dan aturan hidup yang baik. Asal mula kebiasaan
itu berasal dari seseorang yang kemudian ditiru orang lain dan di turunkan dari
satu orang ke orang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Moralitas berasal dari kata Latin “mos”, yang berarti “adat
istiadat” atau “kebiasaan”. Secara harafiah etika dan moralitas sama-sama
tentang bagaimana manusia harus hidup baik dalam adat kebiasaan masyarakat yang
kemudian menjadi perilaku yang ajek dan terulang dalam waktu yang lama sehingga
bisa membentuk kebiasaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan
hubungan antara etika dengan filsafat! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hubungan antara
etika dengan filsafat yaitu, etika adalah cabang filsafat yang digunakan untuk
menentukan mana yang baik dan benar untuk dilakukan, menentukan pilihan tentang
sesuatu yang benar dan yang salah, baik dan buruknya suatu hal, dan hal-hal
yang berkaitan dengan kewajiban dan nilai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Hubungan antara etika dan ilmu penhetahuan
yaitu, etika sebagai nilai berfungsi untuk mengontrol perkembangan ilmu
pengetahuan agar ilmu pengetahun yang ada dapat memberikan manfaat yang besar
untuk kesejahteraan hidup manusia. Selanjutnya etika akan mengendalikan potensi
serta nafsu yang dimiliki oleh manusia agar perkembangan ilmu penegetahuan
tidak hanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan seorangan atau kelompok saja, tapi untuk
kelangsungan kehidupan dan kesejahteraan manusia. Jelaskan hubungan antara
etika dengan ilmu pengetahuan! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">hubungan antara etika dengan ilmu pengetahuan adalah ilmu
pengetahuan yang bersifat tidak terbatas dalam penggunaannya yang selalu
berlandaskan pada etika untuk
pertimbangan baik atau buruk, benar atau salah dalam memanfaatkan ilmu,
maka etika menjadi panduan bagi ilmu pengetahuan dalam realisasi
pengembangannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan
beberapa jenis etika!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika filosofi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika yang dipandang dari sudut filsafat adalah etika yang
menguraikan pokok-pokok etika menurut pandangan filsafat. Dalam filsafat yang
diuraikan terbatas pada baik-buruk,masalah hak-kewajiban, masalah nilai-nilai
moral secara mendasar. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika teologis <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika yang mengajarkan hal-hal yang baik dan buruk berdasarkan
ajaran-ajaran agama. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika sosiologis <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika ini menitik beratkan pada keselamatan ataupun kesejahteraan
hidup bermasyarakat. Etika sosiologis memandang etika sebagai alat mencapai
keamanan,keselamatan,dan kesejahteraan hidup bermasyarakat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Etika deskriptif <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika ini berusaha untuk meneropong secara kritis dan rasional
sikap dan perilaku manusia dan apa yang dikejar oleh manusia dalam kehidupan
sebagai sesuatu yang bernilai. Etika ini berbicara tentang kenyataan
sebagaimana adanya tentang nilai dan perilaku manusia sebagai fakta yang
terkait dengan realitas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika normatif <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika ini berusaha untuk menetapkan sikap dan pola perilaku ideal
yang seharusnya dimiliki oleh manusia dalam bertindak. Etika ini berbicara tentang
norma-norma yang menuntun perilaku manusia serta memberi penilaian dan himbauan
kepada manusia untuk bertindak sebagaimana seharusnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika
Deontologis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Istilah deontologis
berasal dari kata Yunani yang berati kewajiban, etika ini menetapkan kewajiban
manusia untuk bertindak secara baik. Argumentasi dasar yang dipakai adalah
bahwa suatu tindakan itu baik bukan dinilai dan dibenarkan berdasarkan akibat
atau tujuan baik dari suatu tindakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etika
Teleologis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Teleologis
berasal dari bahasa Yunani, yakni “telos” yang berati tujuan. Etika teleologis
menjadikan tujuan menjadi ukuran untuk baik buruknya suatu tindakan. Dengan
kata lain, suatu tindakan dinilai baik kalau bertujuan untuk mencapai sesuatu
yang baik atau kalau akibat yang ditimbulkan baik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Apa
yang perlu dilakukan oleh manusia sebagai makhluk yang beretika!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Manusia harus
sadar akan tanggung jawabnya terhadap dirinya sendiri dan terhadap orang lain
untuk menciptakan kesejahteraan bagi kelangsungan kehidupan pribadi dan orang
lain serta lingkungannya. Kesejahteraan akan tercipta jika manusia melakukan
hal-hal yang baik dan menjauhi hal-hal yang buruk yang memberikan akibat yang
merugikan untuk dirinya sendiri dan orang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">sumber :<a href="http://ste84fredy.blog.com/">http://ste84fredy.blog.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><a href="http://drveggielabandresearch.blogspot.com/2008_05_01_archive.html">http://drveggielabandresearch.blogspot.com/2008_05_01_archive.html</a></span></h4>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com27tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-13027965910749642912013-07-28T20:27:00.003-07:002013-07-28T20:27:17.068-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">TUGAS 7<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">PEMODELAN PROSES BISNIS B<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Bradley Hand ITC'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelompok 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TYAS KRISTYANA 682012063<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ANGGRINI KONGO 682012057<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">FAYREN G E LODO RATU 682012069<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RYAN WIDI H 682010601 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> WILLIAMS
Y BAKKER 682012064 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN SATYA WACANsA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2012 / 2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-right: none; border: solid silver 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid silver .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 18.0pt;" valign="top" width="24">
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid silver 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid silver 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid silver .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikut ini merupakan
karakteristik dari proses bisnis:</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Degree of Structure </span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Range of Involvement</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Integration</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Planning & Control</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Complexity</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jelaskan
masing-masing dan berikan contoh untuk memperjelas jawaban Anda!</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk mengukur kinerja proses
bisnis dan penggunaan sistem informasi:</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Rate of output</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Productivity</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Consistency</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cycle time</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flexibility</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Security</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jelaskan
masing-masing dan berikan contoh untuk memperjelas jawaban Anda!</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ol>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">KARAKTERISTIK DARI PROSES BISNIS</span></b><b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Degree of structure</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The
degree of structure dari business process adalah derajat hubungan input output
yang sudah <i>pre-determined.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sejauh
mana pekerjaan atau suatu bisnis proses dapat dituliskan sejak awal, termasuk
urutan proses, informasi yg dibutuhkan, cara validasi informasi, dan hubungan
antara input dan output.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh;<br />
-ATM: highly structured<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Pembuatan
marketing kit : highly unstructured<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Karakteristik Proses Yg Sangat
Terstruktur/Highly Structured.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Pembuatan
struktur sangat mudah dimengerti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Sangat
mungkin dapat disampaikan cara menjalankan suatu proses dan meng-evaluasi -apakah
proses berjalan dengan baik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Mis.
Menjumlahkan invoices bulan lalu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Informasi
yg dibutuhkan dapat diketahui dengan tepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Metoda
untuk memproses informasi diketahui.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Format
yang diinginkan dapat diketahui.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Keputusan
dan langkah-langkah terdefinisi dengan jelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Kriteria
untuk mengambil keputusan dapat dipahami dengan tepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Performansi
dapat diukur dengan tepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Karakteristik
Proses Bisnis Yang Sangat Tidak Terstruktur/Highly Unstructured<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 82.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 0cm list 82.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Informasi
yang akan digunakan sulit diketahui, begitu pula dengan metode untuk
menggunakan informasi tsb</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 82.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 0cm list 82.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kriteria
untuk menentukan apakah pekerjaan telah selesai sulit ditentukan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 82.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 0cm list 82.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pekerjaan
yg tidak terstruktur dilakukan berdasarkan pengalaman, intuisi, trial and
error, rules of thumb, pengukuran yg sangat kualitatif</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mis:
Pemilihan pimpinan suatu perusahaan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Karakteristik Proses Bisnis Semi Structured<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Informasi
dan prosedur yg dibutuhkan sebagian besar dapat diketahui, namun beberapa aspek
dari pekerjaan dalam proses, membutuhkan judgement dari orang yg melakukan
pekerjaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cth:
Dokter men-diagnosa pasien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Range Of
Involvement<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Jika
terlampau banyak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Kerja
menjadi lambat karena terlalu banyak orang terlibat sebelum tahapan tahapan selesai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Jika
terlampau sedikit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Pekerjaan
dilakukan menggunakan pertimbangan pemikiran yg terlalu sempit atau
pertimbangan personal, menghasilkan keputusan yg mungkin tidak sesuai dengan
organisasi keseluruhan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-IS
dapat mengatur range of involvement<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-IBM
credit case<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Integration<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Integration
adalah respon dan kolaborasi yang sangat berhubungan antara aktifitas atau
proses yang berbeda. Berhubungan juga dengan kecepatan, misalnya bagian
penjualan dengan bagian produksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hubungan antata bagian penjualan dan bagian produksi
yaitu Semakin cepat melakukan marketing, semakin cepat penjualan, semakin cepat
juga baian produksi. Dan sebaliknya. Semakin cepat memproduksi barang, harus
semakin cepat pula penjualan barangnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">integration
juga memiliki 5 tingkat, yaitu common culture, common standards, information
sharing, coordination, dan collaboration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">common cultura</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> : pemahaman dan keyakinan
bersama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">orang
yang terlibat dalam dua proses independen berbagi keyakinan umum yang sama dan
harapan tentang bagaimana orang berkomunikasi dan bekerja sama, ini keyakinan
bersama membuatnya lebih mudah untuk bekerja sama dan menyelesaikan conflik
bila diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">common standards</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> : menggunakan terminologi dan
prosedur yang konsisten untuk membuat proses bisnis lebih mudah untuk
mempertahankan dan antarmuka. dua proses bisnis yang berbeda menggunakan
standar yang sama tetapi sebaliknya beroperasi secara independen. misalnya, dua
departemen yang berbeda dapat menggunakan jenis yang sama komputer pribadi atau
perangkat lunak pengolah kata yang sama. beroperasi dengan standar yang telah
disepakati jenis ini mungkin menciptakan skala ekonomi untuk staf techinical,
yang mungkin dapat belajar dan melayani sejumlah kecil pilihan teknis. juga
dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan bentuk lain dari integrasi di masa depan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">information sharing</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> : akses ke data masing-masing
dengan proses bisnis yang beroperasi secara independen. dua proses bisnis yang
berbeda berbagi beberapa informasi yang sama meskipun berbagi informasi tidak
secara langsung melibatkan saling tanggap misalnya, departemen penjualan dan
deparment manufaktur mungkin akan berbagi database manufaktur sehingga
penjualan akan tahu apa kapasitas yang masih tersedia untuk pesanan tambahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">coordination</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> : negosiasi dan pertukaran pesan
memungkinkan proses terpisah tetapi saling tergantung untuk merespon kebutuhan
dan keterbatasan masing-masing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">proses
bisnis yang berbeda mempertahankan fungsi unik mereka sendiri dan identitas
tetapi menyampaikan informasi bolak-balik untuk mengkoordinasikan upaya mereka
menuju tujuan yang sama. misalnya, penjualan manufaktur memberitahu apa yang
bisa mereka jual manufaktur merespon dengan jadwal tentatif keluaran mereka
bernegosiasi untuk datang dengan rencana saling layak dan kemudian pergi
tentang pekerjaan masing-masing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">collaboration</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> : saling ketergantungan yang
kuat sehingga identitas unik dari proses terpisah mulai menghilang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dua
proses bisnis yang berbeda menggabungkan sebagian atau seluruh identitas mereka
untuk mencapai tujuan yang lebih besar dari perusahaan. misalnya, didasarkan
pada kebutuhan untuk mendapatkan lebih mudah produk ke pasar lebih cepat,
banyak perusahaan telah bergerak menuju proses pengembangan produk yang
melibatkan kolaborasi erat antara pemasaran, teknik, dan manufaktur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Planning and Controlling<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kegiatan merencanakan produksi dan mengontrol
kebutuhan bahan baku agar proses produksi (manufaktur) dapat berjalan dengan
baik (efektif dan efisien).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meminimalkan persediaan bahan baku yang berada di departemen
Warehouse sehingga penempatan di gudang menjadi lebih efektif dan dapat menekan
biaya penyimpanan dan pembelian bahan baku.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh : Sebuah pabrik susu kemasan, bahan baku yg di
butuhkan harus sesuai dengan kapasitas produksi
sehari-hari sehingga tidak menyisakan bahan baku karena bila sisa bahan baku
susu bias rusak, untuk kebutuhan produksi ke esokan harinya harus menggunakan
bahan baku yg baru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Complexity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Mengeliminasai
variasi yang nilainya tidak besar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh:
Kalau dulu ada pembayaran gaji tengah bulan, kini seluruh pembayaran gaji
seluruh pegawai dilakuakan di akhir bulan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Sistem
yg kompleks sulit untuk dipahami, dipelihara, dan diperbaiki.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-</span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Di sisi lain, untuk
mengurangi kompleksitas, bisa juga justru dengan membuka variasi baru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh:
permohonan IMB utk renovasi rumah mungil,
tidak harus mengikut prosedur untuk permohanan IMB gedung pencakar langit!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">MENGUKUR KINERJA PROSES BISNIS DAN PENGGUNAAN SISTEM INFORMASI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rate Of
Output<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Jumlah output yang dihasilkan pada rentang
waktu tertentu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> -Rata-rata unit diproduksi / jam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Jumlah
maksimum unit / jam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Fungsi SI:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Increase
rate by performing some work<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Increase
rate by systematizing the work<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Low
rate of output: mungkin karena ada kapasitas yang tidak terpakai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Activity
rate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Jumlah
aktifitas/pekerjaan yang dilakukan dalam proses produksi per satuan waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh
penggunaan:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
Kontraktor jembatan besar, outputnya cuma 1, oleh karena itu lebih cocok menggunakan
activity rate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">
Fungsi SI:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
Mencatat <i>activity rate<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
Menentukan aktifitas apa yang perlu dilanjutkan selanjutnya berdasarkan
informasi-informasi tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Produktivity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Produktivity
/ Produktivitas dihitung dengan membagi rata-rata output per periode oleh biaya
yang terjadi atau sumber daya (modal, energi, material, personel) dikonsumsi
dalam periode tersebut. Produktivitas adalah penentu penting dari efisiensi
biaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Measures:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
output per labor hour,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
scrap rate,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
ratio of output vs input<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">
Common role of IS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
Help people produce more output with the same effort<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
Schedule work to improve resource utilization<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">contoh
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Seorang
pekerja pabrik sepatu kulit berpenghasilan sebesar Rp.15.000,00 per hari. Dalam
seharinya, dia mampu membuat sepatu sebanyak 15 unit. Kalau ukuran komponen
masukan dinyatakan dalam satuan kuantitas tenaga kerja, maka angka
produktivitas tenaga kerja adalah sebesar 15 unit per orang-hari (15
unit/1orang-hari = 15). Namun, bila ukuran komponen masukan dinyatakan dalam
satuan unit moneter, maka hasil perhitungan angka produktivitas tenaga kerja
sebesar 0,001 per rupiah per hari (15/15.000). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Consistence<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dalam
Bisnis kita perlu konsisten. Secara sederhana, konsisten adalah teguh
pendirian. Bila kita sudah memutuskan untuk sukses dalam bisnis ini, maka kita
menjaga komitmen untuk serius mengembangkannya. Sudah menegakkan kepala untuk
tidak lagi tolah-toleh pada hal-hal yang sekiranya mengganggu konsentrasi
bisnis kita.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ingat,
bahwa semua penawaran bisnis di internet merupakan peluang bisnis yang selalu
menggoda selera. Tapi tidak semua peluang itu bisa kita rengkuh karena sebagai
manusia biasa kita pasti punya keterbatasan. Dengan memutuskan Bisnis dengan
segala kelebihannya, kita bisa fokus dan konsisten. Saya kira begitu juga bila
anda sedang memilih bisnis lain, konsisten adalah kata kunci utama untuk
sukses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sikap
Konsisten.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Untuk
sukses di bisnis jaringan / MLM, diperlukan juga sikap konsisten. Kalau Anda
menjalankan bisnis MLM secara offline, Anda harus KONSISTEN membuat daftar
nama, menghubungi orang-orang dalam daftar, dan sharing peluang bisnis MLM itu
kepada mereka. Kalau Anda menjalankan bisnis MLM secara online, Anda harus
KONSISTEN mendatangkan pengunjung ke web replika Anda, setiap hari. Jangan
harapkan bisa dapat banyak downline kalau Anda sesekali saja berusaha
mendatangkan pengunjung ke web replika Anda. Itu sama halnya dengan seorang
pemilik toko yang kadang-kadang buka tokonya. Jangan harapkan bisa sukses
menjalankan bisnis online kalau terus menerus berpindah dari satu peluang ke
peluang yang lain. Itu sama halnya dengan berpindah-pindah jurusan / bidang
studi kuliah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Consistency<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-Menggunakan
teknik/cara yang sama untuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> menghasilkan output yang sama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-
TQM menekankan pada spesifikasi detail dari<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> proses bisnis sampai instruksi kerja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-
Measures: Defect rate, percentage variation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-
Fungsi SI:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
Controls production<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
Analyze cause of variability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
Systemize work to reduce variability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cycle Time(Siklus Waktu)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Periode
yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan satu siklus operasi, atau untuk menyelesaikan
fungsi, pekerjaan, atau tugas dari awal sampai akhir. Siklus waktu yang
digunakan dalam membedakan total durasi suatu proses dari waktu menjalankan
nya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Misalnya,
waktu siklus mengacu pada waktu yang diperlukan untuk pesanan pelanggan untuk
diproses dan dipenuhi (Wetherbe, 1995).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Measures:
satuan waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">
Fungsi SI:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
perform data processing faster<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
Memungkinan menggabungkan beberapa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tahapan
pekerjaan jadi satu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">◦
systemize work to reduce waste (production<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">target
schedule will be met faster)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Misalnya
pekerjaan yang berada dalam pabrik baju menarjet 1 bulan harus bisa membuat
baju sebanyak yang telah ditentukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; tab-stops: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 0cm; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Flexibility<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Definisi
fleksibilitas adalah: “Fleksibilitas merupakan karakteristik dari proses yang mengukur
berapa lama (waktu) perubahan proses untuk menghasilkan output yang berbeda
atau dengan menggunakan sekumpulan input yang berbeda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(Gazperz,
1997)”. Fleksibility berarti kemampuan untuk beradaptasi secara sepat dengan
dan efektif terhadap kebutuhan yang terus berubah. Ini berarti pergantian yang
cepat dari satu produk ke produk lain,respon yang cepat terhadap permintaan
yang terus berubah atau kemampuan untuk memproduksi jasa yang dibuat khusus
dalam kisaran besar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">contohnya
Perdagangan elektornik misalnya,menuntut respon yang lebih cepat,fleksibel,dan
dapat disesuaikan dibandingkan gerai pasar tradisional.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Security/keamanan.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Keamanan
data/informasi elektronik menjadi hal yang sangat penting bagi perusahaan yang
menggunakan fasilitas TI dan menempatkannya sebagai infrastruktur penting.
Sebab data/informasi adalah aset bagi perusahaan tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Keamanan
data/informasi secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat mempertahankan
kelangsungan bisnis, mengurangi resiko, mengoptimalkan return of investment dan
bahkan memberikan peluang bisnis semakin besar. Semakin banyak informasi
perusahaan yang disimpan, dikelola dan digunakan secara bersama, akan semakin
besar pula resiko terjadinya kerusakan, kehilangan atau tereksposnya
data/informasi ke pihak lain yang tidak berhak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">hal-hal
yang dapat diperhatikan yaitu,Apakah produk atau perangkat lunak aman dari
akses dan modifikasi yang tidak terotoritas, apakah perangkat lunak dapat
memudahkan audit,dan apakah produk dan perangkat lunak mencakup pengendalian yang
memadai .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh:
data-data yang telah dicuri akan dipublikasikan dan mengambil hak cipta dari
yang mempunyai data tersebut, maka dari itu harus dilakukan perlindungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">sumbe</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">r ;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://umdrive.memphis.edu/g-cscm/www/ctr6/organizationalprocesses.pdf"><span style="color: #92d050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://umdrive.memphis.edu/g-cscm/www/ctr6/organizationalprocesses.pdf</span></a><span style="color: #92d050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/operasiproduksi/Pengertian-Definisi-Cara-Menghitung-Dampak-Produktivitas"><span style="color: #92d050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://sites.google.com/site/operasiproduksi/Pengertian-Definisi-Cara-Menghitung-Dampak-Produktivitas</span></a><span style="color: #92d050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://books.google.co.id/books?id=2LmvjWyWWRAC&pg=PT215&dq=flexibility+dalam+proses+bisnis+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nkvRUYyXMYP5rQeX2YCoAQ&redir_esc=y"><span style="color: #92d050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://books.google.co.id/books?id=2LmvjWyWWRAC&pg=PT215&dq=flexibility+dalam+proses+bisnis+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nkvRUYyXMYP5rQeX2YCoAQ&redir_esc=y</span></a><span style="color: #92d050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 64.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #92d050; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://hadiwibowo.wordpress.com/2009/02/03/standar-sistem-manajemen-keamanan-informasi-iso-17799/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com40tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-77040594844356030482013-07-01T05:31:00.000-07:002013-07-01T05:31:00.097-07:00penjelasan siklus produksi<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">TUGAS 6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">PEMODELAN PROSES BISNIS B<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Bradley Hand ITC'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelompok 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TYAS KRISTYANA 682012063<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ANGGRINI KONGO 682012057<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">FAYREN G E LODO RATU 682012069</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RYAN WIDI H 682010601</span></b><b style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> WILLIAMS
Y BAKKER 682012064 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN SATYA WACANsA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2012 / 2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;" summary="Layout table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-right: none; border: solid silver 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid silver .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 18.0pt;" valign="top" width="24">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid silver 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid silver 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid silver .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut ini:</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jelaskan tentang siklus
produksi (<i>Production Cycle</i>)!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebutkan dan jelaskan
aktivitas-aktivitas dalam siklus produksi!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebutkan dan jelaskan<i>Threats
and Applicable Control Procedures</i> yang dilakukan dalam setiap
aktivitas produksi!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan gambaran dan jelaskan
Keterkaitan siklus produksi dengan siklus yang lainnya dalam proses
bisnis</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Berdasarkan jawaban sebelumnya, silahkan Anda menjawab pertanyaan berikut
ini:</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan Contoh dalam sebuah
kasus untuk keterkaitan siklus produksi dalam proses bisnis! Analisis
pula dari kasus tersebut bagaimana <i>Threats and Applicable
Control Procedures!</i></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Siklus Produksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Siklus produksi merupakan suatu
kegiatan yang terdiri dari beberapa aktivitas-aktivitas produksi dalam
memproduksi suatu barang seperti Perancangan Produk,Perencanaan dan
Penjadwalan,Operasi Produksi,dan Akuntansi Biaya. Dalam siklus produksi ini ada
tipe dan jumlah barang yang akan diproduksi serta transaksi dan peristiwa yang
terkain dalam proses produksi. Siklus Produksi ini juga merupakan rangkaian
aktivitas bisnis dan operasi pemrosesan data terkait yang terus terjadi yang
berkaitan dengan pembuatan produk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Aktifitas-aktifitas
dalam siklus produksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Design Produk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 132.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">–<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mendesain
produk yang memenuhi permintaan dalam hal kualitas, ketahanan, fungsi, dan
meminimalkan biaya produksi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 132.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">–<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Aktivitas
ini menciptakan dua dokumen utama:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 168.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daftar
bahan baku (BOM)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 168.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daftar
operasi (Routing)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Daftar bahan baku(BOM)yang menyebutkan
nomor bahan baku,deskripsi,serta jumlah masing-masing komponen bahan baku yang
digunakan dalam unit produk jadi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Daftar operas(routing) yang
menyebutkan kebutuhan tenaga kerja dan mesin yang diperlukan untuk memproduksi
produk tersebut.daftar operasi kadang kala disebutkan lembar pergerakan karena
menunjukan bagaimana sebuah produk bergerak disepanjang pabrik,menyebutkan apa
yang dilakukan di setiap langkah dan berapa banyak waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh
aktifitas tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perencanaan dan
penjadwalan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tujuan
langkah ini yaitu menegembangkan rencana produksi yang cukup efisien untuk
memenuhi pesanan yang ada dan mengantisipasi permintaan jangka pendek tanpa
menimbulkan kelebihan persediaan barang jadi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dua
metode perancanan produksi yang umum yaitu perencanaan <i>sumber daya produksi(manufacturing resource planning=MRP-II)</i> dan
sistem produksi just in time. MRP-II adalah kelanjutan dari perencanaan sumber
daya bahan baku yang mencari keseimbangan antara kapasitas produksi yang ada
dan kebutuhan bahan baku untuk memenuhi perkiraan permintaan penjualan. Sistem
MPR-II sering disebut <i>push manufacturing,</i>karena
barang diproduksi sebagai ekspektasi atas permintaan pelanggan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sedangkan
tujuan <i>just int time</i> adalah meminimalkan
atau meniadakan bahan baku barang dalam proses dan baran jadi. JIT sering
disebut pull manufacturing karena barang diproduksi sebagai permintaan
pelanggan. Secara teoritis sistem JIT hanya berproduksi sebagai tangapan atas
pesanan pelanggan. Dalam prakteknya kebanyakan sistem produksi JIT mengembangkan
rencana produksi jangka pendek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dokumen,formulir
dan produksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">o Jadwal induk produksi (MPS)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">o Permintaan bahan baku<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">o Kartu perpindahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jadwal induk
produksi<i>(Master produksi schedule-MPS)</i></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> menspesifikasikan seberapa
banyak produk yang akan diproduksi selama periode perencanaan dan kapan
produksi tersebut harus dilakukan. Informasi mengenai pesanan
pelanggan,prediksi penjualan dan tingkat persediaan barang jadi digunakan untuk
menetapkan tingkat produksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Permintaan bahan
baku</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> mengsahkan
pengeluaran jumah bahan baku yang dibutuhkan dari gudang ke lokasi
pabrik,tempat bahan tersebut dibutuhkan. Dokumen ini berisi no produksi
perintah,tanggal pembuatan,dan berdasarkan pada daftar bahan baku yang
dibutuhkan. Perpindahan sekanjutnya dari bahan bakua disepanjang pabrik akan
didokumentasikan dalam <b>kartu perpindahan</b>
yang mengidentifikasi bagian-bagian yang dipindahkan lokasi perpindahannya,
serta waktu perpindahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Operasi produksi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Langkah
ketiga dalam siklus produksi adalah produksi actual dari produk. Cara aktifitas
ini dicapai sangat berbeda dengan di berbagai perusahan. Perbedaan tersebut
berdasarkan jenis produk yang diproduksi dan tingkat otomatisasi yang digunakan
digunakan dalam proses produksi. Hal ini Berkaitan dengan TI yang dipakai.
Penggunakan berbagai bentuk TI dalam proses produksi,contoh Robot dan mesin
yang dikendalikan Oleh Komputer disebut sebagai Computer integrated
manufacturing(CIM). CIM dapat secara signifikan mengurangi biaya produksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Akuntasnsi Biaya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tiga
tujuan dasar dari sistem akuntansi biaya itu ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Untuk memberikan informasi untuk perencanaan,
pengendalian, dan penilaian kinerja dari operasi produksi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Memberikan data biaya yang akurat mengenai produk
untuk digunakan dalam menetapkan harga serta keputusan bauran produk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengumpulkan dan memproses informasi yang digunakan
untuk menghitung persediaan serta nilai harga pokok penjualan yang muncul di
laporan keuangan perusahaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dua
jenis sistem akuntansi biaya itu?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Harga pokok pesanan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Harga pokok proses <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Perhitungan biaya pesanan membebankan biaya ke
batch produksi tertentu, atau pekerjaan
tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Perhitungan biaya proses membebankan biaya ke
setiap proses, dan kemudian menghitung biaya rata-rata untuk semua unit yang
diproduksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pilihan
perhitungan biaya berdasarkan pesanan atau proses hanya mempengaruhi metode
yang digunakan untuk membebankan biaya-biaya tersebut ke produk, bukan pada
metode pengumpulan data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Threats and Applicable Control Procedures</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> yang dilakukan dalam setiap
aktivitas produksi!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 100.05pt;" valign="top" width="133">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Proses / Aktifitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.95pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Ancaman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="221">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Prosedur Yang Dapat di Terapkan Dalam <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 92.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 92.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 100.05pt;" valign="top" width="133">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Desain Produk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 92.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.95pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Desain produk yang
kurang baik</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 96.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 92.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="221">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Perbaiki
informasi tentang pengaruh desain produk atas biaya.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Data terinci
mengenai biaya jaminan dan produk.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 100.05pt;" valign="top" width="133">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Perencanaan dan
penjadwalan</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.95pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelebihan produksi atau
kekurangan produksi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Investasi yang tidak
optimal dalam aktiva tetap</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="221">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Sistem
perencanaan produksi yang lebih baik</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Tinjau dan
setujui perolehan aktiva tetap; pengendalian anggaran</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 100.05pt;" valign="top" width="133">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Operasi produksi</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.95pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<ol start="4" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pencurian dan
perusakkan persediaan dan aktiva tetap</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="221">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Batasi akses
fisik ke persediaan dan aktiva tetap</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Dokumentasikan
semua perpindahan persediaan sepanjang proses produksi</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Identifikasi
semua aktiva tetap</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Dokumentasi yang
memadai dan tinjau semua transaksi yang melibatkan pembuangan aktiva tetap</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 100.05pt;" valign="top" width="133">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Akuntansi Biaya</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.95pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Kesalahan pencatatan dan memasukkan data mengakibatkan data biaya yang
tidak akurat.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="221">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Pengendalian
edit entri data; penggunaan pemindai kode garis jika memungkinkan;
rekonsiliasi jumlah yang tercatat dengan perhitungan fisik secara periodik</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 100.05pt;" valign="top" width="133">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Ancaman umum</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.95pt;" valign="top" width="213">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Hilangnya data</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Kinerja yang kurang baik</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 166.1pt;" valign="top" width="221">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Buat cadangan
dan perencanaan pemulihan dari bencana; batasi akses ke data biaya.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Pelaporan yang
lebih baik dan tepat waktu.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Keterkaitan siklus produksi dengan siklus lainnya
dalam proses bisnis !<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dengan siklus
pendapatan,pengeluaran,siklus SDM,dan sistem buku besar dan pelaporan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sistem
informasi siklus pendapatan memberikan informasi(pesanan pelanggan dan prediksi
penjualan) yang digunakan untuk merencanakan produksi serta tingkat
persediaan. Sebaliknya sistem informasi
siklus produksi mengirimkan informasi ke siklus pendapatan mengenai barang jadi
yang telah dibuat dan tersedia untuk dijual.informasi mengenai kebutuhan bahan
baku dikirim ke sistem informasi siklus pengeluaran dalam bentuk formulir
permintaan pembelian. Sebagai gantinya sistem informasi siklus pengeluaran
memberikan informasi mengenai perolehan
bahan baku dan informasi pengeluaran lain yang dimasukan kedalam overhead
pabrik. Informasi mengenai tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan akan dikirim ke siklus
sumber daya manusia,yang selanjutnya akan memberikan data mengenai biaya dan
ketersediaan tenaga kerja. Terakhir mengenai informasi mengenai harga pokok
penjualan akan dikirim ke sistem informasi buku besar dan pelaporan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh Kasus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PT Gadjah Sakti adalah perusahaan
yang bergerak dalam bidang percetakan dengan menggunakan metode harga pokok
pesanan. Pada bulan September 2004 perusahaan mendapat pesanan untuk mencetak
kartu undangan sebanyak 2400 lembar dari PT Restu dengan harga yang dibebankan
adalah Rp. 2000 per lembar ,- . Pada bulan yang sama perusahaan juga menerima
pesanan sebanyak 100 spandoek dari PT Insani dengan harga Rp. 200.000 per
buah. Pesanan dari PT Restu diberi
nomor KU-01 dan pesanan dari PT Insani
diberi nomor SP-02.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Data Kegiatan dan Produksi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada tanggal 4 September 2004 dibeli bahan baku dan
penolong dengan cara kredit yakni sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bahan baku <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kertas untuk undangan Rp.
1.350.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kain putih 600 meter Rp.
4.125.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bahan penolong <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bahan penolong X1 Rp.
300.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bahan penolong X2 Rp.
170.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dalam pemakaian bahan baku dan penolong untuk mem
proses pesanan KU-01 dan SP-02 diperoleh informasi sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bahan baku kertas dan bahan
penolong X2 digunakan untuk memproses pesanan no KU-01, sedangkan bahan baku
kain dan bahan penolong X1 dipakai untuk memproses pesanan no SP-02<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Untuk penentuan biaya tenaga kerja yang dikeluarkan
oleh departemen produksi menggunakan dasar jam tenaga kerja langsung dengan
perhitungan sbb;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Upah langsung untuk pesanan KU-01
180 jam a. Rp.5000 dan upah langsung untuk
pesanan SP-02 menghabiskan sebanyak 1000 jam a. Rp.5000,-. Se- dangkan untuk upah tidak
langsung adalah Rp. 2,9 juta.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Untuk gaji karyawan Bagian
pemasaran dikeluarkan sebesar Rp. 7.500.000,- dan gaji karyawan administrasi
dan umum Rp. 4.000.000,-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pencatatan Biaya Overhead Pabrik. Perusahaan dalam
hal ini menggunakan tarif BOP sebesar 160 % dari biaya tenaga kerja langsung,
baik pesanan KU-01 dan SP-02.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Biaya overhead pabrik
sesungguhnya terjadi dalam kaitannya dengan pesanan di atas, adalah sebagai
berikut <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Biaya pemeliharaan gedung Rp.
500.000 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Biaya depresiasi gedung pabrik Rp. 2.000.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Biaya depresiasi mesin Rp. 1.500.000 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Biaya pemeliharaan mesin Rp. 1.000.000 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Biaya asuransi gedung pabrik dan
msn Rp. 700.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pencatatan harga pokok produk jadi. Berdasarkan
informasi untuk pesanan no KU-01 telah selesai dikerja kan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pencatatan harga pokok produk dalam proses.
Berdasarkan informasi diketahui bahwa untuk pesanan no SP-02 masih dalam proses
penyelesaian. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pencatatan harga pokok produk yang dijual. Pesanan
no KU-01 telah diserahkan kepada pemesan. Dan dari penyerahan tersebut pemesan
akan membayar dengan cara kredit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ancaman yang kemungkinan akan
timbul pada kasus diatas yaitu kemungkinan adanya kesalahan dalam pencatatan
dan masukan data yang kemungkinan tidak akurat. Prosedur pengendalian terbaik
adalah dengan mengotomasikan pengumpulan data
dengan menggunakan pemindai kode
garis,pembaca kartu dan alat lainnya. Ketika
semua hal itu tidak memungkinkan untuk dilakukan,terminal on line haras
digunakan untuk entri data. Passwor dan ID pemakai harus digunakan untuk akses
hanya ke pegawai yang berhak saja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sumber
; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3.25pt;">
<a href="http://widada.staff.gunadarma.ac.id/Downloads/files/12838/BAB+2++JOB+ORDER+CO%20ST+(CASE).doc"><span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">http://widada.staff.gunadarma.ac.id/Downloads/files/12838/BAB+2++JOB+ORDER+CO
ST+(CASE).doc</span></a><span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3.25pt;">
<a href="http://emansetiawan.dosen.narotama.ac.id/files/2012/11/BAB-13-SIKLUS-PRODUKSI.pdf"><span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">http://emansetiawan.dosen.narotama.ac.id/files/2012/11/BAB-13-SIKLUS-PRODUKSI.pdf</span></a><span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3.25pt;">
<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">kk.mercubuana.ac.id/files/34034-5-425323209482.doc<span lang="AR-SA"></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3.25pt;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com83tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-62226062993084567682013-07-01T05:26:00.003-07:002013-07-01T05:26:13.970-07:00siklus sumber daya manusia dan siklus payroll<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">TUGAS 5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">PEMODELAN PROSES BISNIS B<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Bradley Hand ITC'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelompok 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TYAS KRISTYANA 682012063<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ANGGRINI KONGO 682012057<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">FAYREN G E LODO RATU 682012069</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RYAN WIDI H 682010601</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> WILLIAMS
Y BAKKER 682012064 </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN SATYA WACANsA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2012 / 2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: page; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 73.55pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;" summary="Layout table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-right: none; border: solid silver 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid silver .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 18.0pt;" valign="top" width="24">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 73.55pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid silver 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid silver 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid silver .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 73.55pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut
ini:</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan siklus sumber
daya manusia (SDM)?</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jelaskan aktivitas-aktivitas yang ada pada
siklus SDM!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jelaskan aktivitas siklus <i>payroll</i>!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan contoh dan jelaskan aktivitas
pada <i>payroll system</i>!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 73.55pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Berdasarkan jawaban sebelumnya, silahkan
Anda menjawab pertanyaan berikut ini:</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan contoh mengenai siklus sumber daya
manusia dalam sebuah kasus dan keterkaitannya dengan proses bisnis!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Siklus
Sumber Daya Manusia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siklus
Sumber Daya Manusia (disingkat SDM) atau sering juga siklus personalia (<i>buman resource cycle</i>) adalah siklus yang
beertanggung jawab untuk mengelola personalia diperusahaan, sejak seleksi
karyawan, pengangkatan karyawan, pembedaan karyawan, perotasian kerja karyawan,
sampai penghentian karyawan (baik hormat maupun tidak hormat).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siklis
ini sangat pentingkarena masalah sumber daya manusia kalau tidak ditangani
dengan baik, tidak akan mendatangkan hasil yang baik. Belum tentu perusahaan
yang memiliki tim manajer yang isinya orang-orang yang kompeten di bidangnya,
mampu mengalahkan pesaingan yang para manajernya mungkin kalah kemampuan.
Mengapa? Krena banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja para karyawan atau manajer.
Salah satu hal yang sangat penting adalah kemampuan bekerja sama antarkaryawan
dan staf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh.
Dua kesebelasan bertanding dalam suatu partai final kejuaraan antar benua. Satu
tim (kataknalah kesebelasan tim A) diisi oleh pemain-pemain yang sudah terkenal
di tingkat dunia, sehingga kompetensi dan kemampuan tidak perlu diragukan lagi.
Tetapi karena mereka merasa sudah mampu, mak meruka tidak perlu berlatih
intensif. Tim lawan (katakanlah kesebelasan B) berisi pemain-pemain yang belum
seterkenal tim pertama tadi, tetapi sudah kompak, karena sering berlatih
bersama dengan baik. Mungkinkan kesebelasan B mengalahkan kesebalasan A?
Jawabnya mungkin! Hal itu bukankarena nasib mujur saja, tetapi karena ada
persiapan yang luar biasa. Hal-hal seperti ini sangat sering dijumpai dalam
dunia usaha. Perusahaan dengan manajer yang sangat terkenal di bidangnya
masing-masing, tetapi mengapa masih kalah bersaing dengan perusahaan lain?
Salah satu fktornya adalah karena tidak ada faktor kekompakan dan kerjasama yang baik di antara anggota
tim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Masalah
sumberdaya manusia memang harus sangat diperhatikan oleh perusahaan, apalagi
yang memiliki karyawan dan pimpinan dalam jumlah banyak. Belum tentu karyawan
yang digaji cukup besar akan berprestasi baik dalam pekerjaanya. Untuk itulah
diperlukan siklus SDM yang mampu mengatur kinerja masing-masing karyawan secara
adil dan merata.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kegiatan
utama dalam siklus SDM di antaranya adalah:</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijPk3ekq6RZZJxGTZW7VnhchJPr7t294ZZbEGoHm_Ft77Lw3VGF4MaZpT6R_JmXhlg9edX_U_RXsCD-dtonsLZ7dlZ8oLj5861TCdFT36Q5p9SvRDShagFPCgtUxQ5aQg5mBbCZUMKOYw/s555/tgs+5+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijPk3ekq6RZZJxGTZW7VnhchJPr7t294ZZbEGoHm_Ft77Lw3VGF4MaZpT6R_JmXhlg9edX_U_RXsCD-dtonsLZ7dlZ8oLj5861TCdFT36Q5p9SvRDShagFPCgtUxQ5aQg5mBbCZUMKOYw/s400/tgs+5+1.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mencari
dan memilih calon karyawan yang baik dan berkompetisi sesuai dengan tugas yang
akan diberikan kepadana.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menguasai
karyaawan dengan prinsip <i>“put the right person on the right place at the
right time” </i>(menguasai karyaawan diposisi yang sesuai dengan kemampuannya
dan tepat waktunya).<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengelola
penugasan karyawan dengan rotasi dan libur yang sesuai. Jangan sampai afa
karyawan yang bertugas di satu posisi atau di satu tempat terus-menerus tanpa
ada istirahat (liburan) atau tanpa rotasi. Seorang satpam misalnya, mamang akan
bertugas sebagai satpam hampir untuk selamanya, tetapi bisa bertugas berlainan, tahun ini berada di lobi
kantor depan, mungkin tahun depan dikawasan pabrik, tahun depanya lagi di toko
perusahaan.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kompensasi(penggajian)<br />
kompensasi merupakan balas jasa yang diberikan oleh organisai/perusahan kepada
karyawannya,yang bersifat finansial atau nonfinansial.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengadakan
penelitian kinerja karyawwn, baik perorangan maupun secara kumulaif di suatu
bagian atau departemen dan mencari tahu sebabnya. Apabila menyebabkan prestasi
karyawan baik, maka perlu ditularkan di depatmenen lain. Apabila menyebabkan
prestasi karyawan buruk, maka di deparmenen lain juga segera harus di antisipasi
atau dihilangkan penyebabnya. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memberhentikan
karyawan sesuai dengan prosedur dan ketentuan yang ada di dalam perusahaan.
Bila aturan itu belum ada, maka siklus ini bertugas untuk menyusun prosedur
tersebut.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Sumber :- </span></i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mafis,Wing W.W, 2006.<i>Sistem Informasi Akuntansi edisi2.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<a href="http://books.google.co.id/books?id=SjdKNhn9K4oC&pg=PA101&dq=aktivitas+dalam+siklus+sumber+daya+manusia+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LT2_UfnzEMGUrAfzkICYBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=aktivitas%20dalam%20siklus%20sumber%20daya%20manusia%20adalah&f=true"><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://books.google.co.id/books?id=SjdKNhn9K4oC&pg=PA101&dq=aktivitas+dalam+siklus+sumber+daya+manusia+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LT2_UfnzEMGUrAfzkICYBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=aktivitas%20dalam%20siklus%20sumber%20daya%20manusia%20adalah&f=true</span></i></a><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aktifitas siklus Payroll/penggajian<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
1. Perbarui File Induk Penggajian<br />
2. Perbarui Tarif dan Pemotongan pajak<br />
3. Validasi Data Waktu dan Kehadiran<br />
4. Mempersiapkan Penggajian<br />
5. Membayar Gaji<br />
6. Hitung Kompensasi dan Pajak yang Dibayar Perusahaan<br />
7. Keluarkan Pajak Penghasilan dan Potonagn Lain-Lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Perbarui File Induk Penggajian (Aktivitas 1)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
• Aktivitas pertama dalam siklus manajemen sumber daya manusia / penggajian
melibatkan pembaruan file induk penggajian untuk mencerminkan berbagai jenis
perubahan penggajian seperti: mempekerjakan orang baru, pemberhentian,
perubahan tingkat gaji, atau perubahan dalam pengurangan diskresi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
• Merupakan hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan bahwa semua perubahan
penggajian dimaksudkan tepat pada waktunya dan secara tepat ditampilkan dalam
periode pembayaran berikutnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Perbarui Tarif dan Pemotongan pajak (Aktivitas 2)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
• Aktivitas kedua dalam siklus manajemen sumber daya manusia / penggajian
adalah memperbarui informasi mengenai tarif dan pemotongan pajak lainnya.<br />
• Perubahan tersebut terjadi ketika bagian penggajian menerima pembaruan
mengenai perubahan dalam tarif pajak dan pemotongan gaji lainnya dari berbagai
unit pemerintah dan perusahaan asuransi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Validasi Data Waktu dan Kehadiran (Aktivitas 3)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
• Aktivitas ketiga dalam siklus penggajian adalah memvalidasi data waktu dan
kehadiran pegawai.<br />
• Informasi ini datang dalam berbagai bentuk, bergantung pada status pembayaran
pegawai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Mempersiapkan Penggajian (Aktivitas 4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
• Aktivitas keempat dalam siklus penggajian adalah mempersiapkan penggajian.<br />
• Data mengenai jam kerja diberikan dari departemen tempat pegawai bekerja..<br />
• Informasi tingkat gaji didapat dari file induk penggajian.<br />
• Orang yang bertanggunjawab membuat cek pembayaran tidak dapat membuat rekord
baru ke file ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Membayar Gaji (Aktivitas 5)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
• Aktivitas kelima adalah pembayaran yang sesungguhnya atas cek gaji ke
pegawai.<br />
• Sebagian besar pegawai dibayar dengan menggunakan cek atau dengan penyimpanan
langsung gaji bersih ke rekening bank pribadi mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Hitung Kompensasi dan Pajak yang Dibayar Perusahaan (Aktivitas 6)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
• Perusahaan membayar beberapa pajak penghasilan dan kompensasi pegawai secara
langsung<br />
• Hukum federal dan negara bagian juga mensyaratkan perusahaan untuk memberikan
kontribusi dalam persentase tertentu ke setiap gaji kotor pegawai, hhingga ke
batas maksimum tahunan, untuk dana asuransi kompensasi pengangguran federal dan
negara bagian.<br />
• Perusahaan sering kali memberikan kontribusi atau menanggung keseluruhan
pembayaran premi asuransi kesehatan, cacat, dan jiwa untuk para pegawai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Keluarkan Pajak Penghasilan dan Potonagn Lain-Lain (Aktivitas 7)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
• Aktivitas terakhir dalam proses penggajian membayar kewajiban pajak
penghasilan dan potongan sukarela lainnya dari setiap pegawai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
• Organisasi harus secara periodik membuat cek atau menggunakan transfer dana
secara elektronis untuk membayar berbagai kewajiban pajak yang terjadi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sumber :<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text2;"> </span></i><a href="http://vhivie89.blogspot.com/2010/05/siklus-penggajian-dan-sdm.html"><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://vhivie89.blogspot.com/2010/05/siklus-penggajian-dan-sdm.html</span></i></a><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><a href="http://blog.re.or.id/proses-dan-siklus-sistem-informasi-akuntansi.htm"><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://blog.re.or.id/proses-dan-siklus-sistem-informasi-akuntansi.htm</span></i></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/%20%20%20http:/blog.re.or.id/proses-dan-siklus-sistem-informasi-akuntansi.htm%20%20%20"><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></i></a><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><a href="http://scooteristvespa-ajay.blogspot.com/2010/03/siklus-keuangan.html"><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://scooteristvespa-ajay.blogspot.com/2010/03/siklus-keuangan.html</span></i></a><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><a href="http://www.google.com/"><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">www.google.com</span></i></a><i><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh
kasus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem
penggajian pegawai<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PT.
Evergreen di Semarang bergerak dalam bidang ekspor-impor. Perusahaan ini
memiliki 800 pegawai di kantor pusat dan di seiuruh cabang di Indonesia. Dalam
system penggajian semuanya di kontrol dari kantor pusat di Jakarta. Seluruh
catatan pegawai di seluruh cabang dikirim ke kantor pusat selanjutnya dibuat
perhitungan lalu datanya di kirimkan kepada pihak bank untuk ditransfer gajinya
ke tiap rekening pegawai. Setelah itu karyawan menerima slip gaji.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aktifitas
SDM pada siklus penggajian :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perbarui
File induk penggajian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perbarui
tariff dan pemotongan pajak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Validasi
data waktu dan kehadiran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempersiapkan
penggajian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membayar
gaji.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hitung
kompensasi pajak yang dibayar perusahaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keluarkan
pajak penghasilan dan potongan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Slip gaji :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di
bawah <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
PE. EVERGREEN SHIPPING
AGENCY INDONESIA<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Name : Lyli
Aryanti Mey-2013<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Personnel number : 974219 Currency-Rp<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Reward : Substration :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Basic Salary : 2,500.000.00 Kokajasuma :
25,000.00<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Fix Allowance : 500.000.00 Jamsostex : 52,000.00<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Variable allowance: Personal leave : 11,500.00<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Meal Allowance : 350,000.00<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Transport Allowance: 250,000.00<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Petroleum Allowance:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Handphone Allowance :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Medicle Allowance :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Long Leave Allowance :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Overtime :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Overtime Meal :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Overtime Transport<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
Total Received : 3,511.500.00<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding: 0cm;">
The amound above mentioned
is already transferred to account number:
453-01-00199-18-8<o:p></o:p></div>
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Note: Basic early and fix
allowance were calculated from 1<sup>st</sup> at this month to the end of this
month<o:p></o:p></div>
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Meatl and transport
Allowance were based on the attendance records and calculated from 21<sup>st</sup><o:p></o:p></div>
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Last month to 20<sup>th</sup>
of this month.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kasus
Integratif: Alpha Omega Electronics<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Peter
Wu, wakil direktur utama bagian sumber daya manusia yang baru di AOE, ingin
memperbaiki dua kelemahan dalam sistem manajemen SDM/penggajian yang ada saat
ini. Pertama, biaya pemrosesan penggajian telah meningkat secara tetap untuk
tahun-tahun belakangan, akan tetapi sistem yang ada sekarang tidak memberikan layanan
yang mencukupi. Contohnya, para pegawai merasa kecewa karena penundaan yang
lama untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai kompensasi dan rencana pensiun
mereka. Selain itu, Linda Spurgeon, ingin memberi para pegawai rencana
kompensasi yang lebih fleksibel. Akan tetapi, hal ini akan makin meningkatkan
permintaan atas sistem yang ada. Jadi, Peter harus menemukan cara untuk
memperbaiki efisiensi dan respons sistem penggajian AOE.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelemahan
kedua dalam sistem manajemen SDM/penggajian AOE adalah ketidakmampuannya untuk
menelusuri perkembangan keahlian pegawai. Akibatnya, para manajer cenderung
untuk mengambil tenaga kerja dari luar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan pegawai,
bukan mempromosikan atau memindahkan para pegawai. Praktik ini telah menurunkan
moral pegawai. Hal ini juga mengganggu evaluasi efektivitas investasi AOE dalam
hal pelatihan dan pendidikan berkelanjutan. Jadi, tugas lain Peter adalah
menemukan cara untuk memperbaiki efektivitas sistem manajemen SDM di AOE.Saat
ini, AOE, seperti juga perusahaan lainnya, memiliki sistem manajemen SDM dan
penggajian yang terpisah. Sistem penggajian, yang berada di bawah kendali
departemen akuntansi, membuat cek pembayaran untuk pegawai dan memelihara catatan
yang berkaitan, seperti yang disyaratkan oleh peraturan pemerintah. Sistem penggajian
menggunakan pemrosesan batch: Pegawai honorer (perjam) akan dibayar dua minggu
sekali; pegawai tetap dan pegawai yang menerima komisi akan dibayar per bulan.
Sistem manajemen SDM, yang dijalankan departemen sumber daya manusia,
memelihara file-file riwayat kerja pegawai, keahlian, dan kompensasi pegawai;
file-file ini diperbarui setiap minggu. Setiap sistem memelihara file-file mereka
sendiri secara terpisah, terkadang menyimpan juga data-data yang sama, seperti
tingkat gaji, dalam format yang berbeda. Praktik ini mempersulit para personil bagian
akuntansi untuk membuat laporan yang menggabungkan data manajemen SDM dan
penggajian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Peter
bertemu dengan Elizabeth Venko dan Ann Brandt untuk mendiskusikan bagaimana
meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas sistem manajemen SDM/penggajian AOE.
Elizabeth dan Ann menunjukkan bahwa merupakan hal yang mungkin untuk mendesain
kembali berbagai aktivitas agar sistem penggajian dan manajemen SDM <a href="" name="2"></a>2
berpadu. Ketika Anda membaca bab ini, pikirkan tentang hubungan antara
aktivitas manajemen SDM dan penggajian dan bagaimana database yang terpadu
dapat membuat kedua fungsi tersebut lebih efisien dan efektif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com90tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-41963266094347324342013-07-01T05:15:00.001-07:002013-07-01T05:15:10.764-07:00siklus pengeluaran<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">TUGAS 4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">PEMODELAN PROSES BISNIS B<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
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</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
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<v:imagedata o:title="logo" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Bradley Hand ITC'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelompok 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TYAS KRISTYANA 682012063<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ANGGRINI KONGO 682012057<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">FAYREN G E LODO RATU 682012069</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RYAN WIDI H 682010601 </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> WILLIAMS
Y BAKKER 682012064 </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN SATYA WACANsA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2012 / 2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;">Siklus pengeluaran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;">Siklus
pengeluaran <i>(expenditure cycle)</i> adalah rangkaian kegiatan
bisnis dan operasional pemrosesan data terkait yang berhubungan dengan
pembelian serta pembayaran barang dan jasa (Romney & Steinbert, 2005).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;">Tujuan siklus
pengeluaran:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;">Memastikan
bahwa semua barang atau jasa dipesan sesuai kebutuhan. Menerima semua barang yg
dipesan dan memastikan barang tsb dalam kondisi baik. Mengamankan barang hingga
diperlukan. Memastikan bahwa faktur berkaitan dg barang atau jasa sah dan
benar. Mencatat dan mengklasifikasikan pengeluaran dan pengeluaran kas dg cepat
dan akurat. Mem-posting kewajiban dan pengeluaran kas pada rekening supplier yg
tepat pada buku besar dan buku pembantu hutang. Memastikan bahwa semua
pengeluaran kas sesuai dengan pengeluaran yg telah diotorisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada siklus
pengeluaran, terdapat 3 aktivitas dasar bisnis yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. <i> memesan barang , persediaan, dan jasa</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">aktivitas pertama dalam siklus
pengeluaran adalah memesan persediaan atau perlengkapan. Keputusan penting yang
dibut dalam langkah ini adalah mengidentifikasi apa, kapan, dan berapa banyak
yang dibeli, dan dari pemasok mana akan dibeli. Dokumen yang dibuat dalam
proses pemesanan barang adalah pesanan pembeliaan (purchase order).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. <i>Menerima dan menyimpan barang, persediaan,
dan jasa.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aktivitas kedua dalam siklus
pengeluaran adalah penerimaan dan penyimpanan barang yang dipesan. Bagian
penerimaan bertanggung jawab untuk mengecek dan menerima kiriman dari para
pemasok. Dokumen yang dibuat dalam proses penerimaan barang adalah
laporan penerimaan barang adalah laporan penerimaan (receiving report)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. <i>Membayar untuk barang, persediaan, dan jasa</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aktivitas ketiga dalam siklus
pengeluaran adalah menyetujui faktur penjualan dari vendor untuk pembayran.
Bagian utang usaha menyetujui faktur penjualan untuk dibayar dan kasir
bertanggung jawab untuk melakukan pembayaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sumber :</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proses_bisnis"><b><span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proses_bisnis</span></b></a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://ando-jefri.blogspot.com/2011/10/siklus-akuntansi-siklus-pendapatan.html"><b><span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://ando-jefri.blogspot.com/2011/10/siklus-akuntansi-siklus-pendapatan.html</span></b></a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/pendidikan/Diana%20Rahmawati,%20M.Si./SIA%20Bab%2011.pdf"><b><span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/pendidikan/Diana%20Rahmawati,%20M.Si./SIA%20Bab%2011.pdf</span></b></a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://ajeng17.blogspot.com/2013/01/siklus-pendapatan-dan-pengeluaran.html"><i>http://ajeng17.blogspot.com/2013/01/siklus-pendapatan-dan-pengeluaran.html</i></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.4pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contohnya..<br />
suatu perusahan minyak punya Pak Joko yang terbilang sangat sukses, ia ingin
memesan barang kepada supliernya..<br />
dari pihak departemennya ini yang akan menulis pemesanan di dokumen Purchase
Requisition(daftar permintaan pemesanan) ,tgl permintaan,tujuan
pengiriman,jenis barang yg akan ia pesan,dan jumlah keseluruhan barang yang
dipesannya berapa,yang kemudian akan di tandatangani olehnya dan akan dikirim
ke supliernya.<br />
tapi disamping mereka akan memesan barang tersebut yang dari pihak depatremen terlebih
dahulu yaitu mengecek persediaannya dengan melakukan pengendalian
persediaanya..<br />
2 metode pengendalian ini yaitu ;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">– <i>Sistem
MRP</i> menjadwalkan produksi untuk memenuhi perkiraan kebutuhan penjualan,
sehingga menghasilkan persediaan barang jadi.<br />
– <i>Sistem JIT</i> menjadwalkan produksi
untuk memenuhi permintaan pelanggan, sehingga secara nyata meniadakan
persediaan barang jadi.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penggambarannya seperti ini ..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHjr3Pz3kuQKqGyiOAVtE3IX0wYzrfgKDzUfVJE64ZUHtuE-Lzl1UWsVZeXRm2MtlgaziE-DYPWSdYRzoLjEW6nh-Cs2Sj5Z0wCPZA3Z1KsLTHRAJsmurd3z_bt76vE2yL6Ws8yWJdy1k/s1031/TGS4+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHjr3Pz3kuQKqGyiOAVtE3IX0wYzrfgKDzUfVJE64ZUHtuE-Lzl1UWsVZeXRm2MtlgaziE-DYPWSdYRzoLjEW6nh-Cs2Sj5Z0wCPZA3Z1KsLTHRAJsmurd3z_bt76vE2yL6Ws8yWJdy1k/s400/TGS4+1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aktivitas
Penerimaan dan Penyimpanan Barang dan Jasa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lanjutan contoh dari contoh pada no 3
diatas :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada aktifitas ini ,dimana barang yang
dipesan oleh PT minyak punya pak joko ini,telah diterima dari suppliernya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aktivitas penerimaan barang dan jasa dari
suppliernya ini,kemudian akan dicatat dalam dokumen Receiving Report(laporan
penerimaan barang). Dokumen ini berisi tentang pengakuan penerimaan barang dan
jasa dari perusahan yang menjadi suppliernya. Yang meliputi tanggal diterimanya
barang, jenis dan kuantitas barang yang telah diterima, asal pengiriman
(Supplier), dan nomor PurchaseOrder.<br />
kemudian dilakukan pencocokan Faktur dari suppliernya itu dengan Purchase Order
dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah barang yang diterima telah sesuai dengan
yang dikirim melebihi kuantitas yang dipesan, atau bahkan telah terjadi salah
pengiriman, maka barang yang bersangkutan akan langsung dikembalikan kepada
Supplier yang bersangkutan. Pada aktivitas ini juga mungkin dilakukan adanya
retur/pengembalian atas barang yang rusak saat diterima.<br />
Setelah itu, Bagian gudang dari toko elektonik ini akan membuat dokumen Receive
Report untuk mengakui pertambahan persediaan yang ada di gudang di toko
tersebut berdasarkan faktur. Dalam hal ini, hanya barang-barang yang terdapat
dalam Purchase Order saja yang boleh diakui, sedangkan yang tidak sesuai
langsung dikembalikan. Hal ini merupakan pengendalian perusahaan agar dapat
mengetahui barang apa saja yang telah diterima dan yang belum dikirim oleh
Supplier.<br />
Laporan penerimaan adalah dokumen utama yang digunakan dalam subsistem
penerimaan dalam siklus pengeluaran, laporan ini mendokumentasikan rincian
mengenai: setiap kiriman, termasuk tanggal penerimaan, pengiriman, pemasok, dan
nomor pesanan pembelian.<br />
Bagian penerimaan mempunyai dua tanggung jawab utama: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
-Memutuskan apakah menerima pengiriman <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-Memeriksa jumlah dan kualitas barang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://ilfen-share.blogspot.com/2012/12/makalah-siklus-pengeluaran.ht" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://ilfen-share.blogspot.com/2012/12/makalah-siklus-pengeluaran.ht</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aktivitas
Pembayaran Atas Pembelian Barang dan Jasa !<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lanjutan contoh dari contoh no 3 dan 4 .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada aktifitas ini dari PT minyak punya pak joko akan melakukan pembayaran utang
dagang kepada supliernya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pembayaran atas pembelian Ini dilakukan
dengan menggunakan dokumen Voucher Package. Dokumen ini berisi tanggal
pembuatannya, tanggal pembayaran, serta jumlah harga barang dan jasa yang telah
diterima berdasarkan Source Document yang ada meliputi Faktur, Purchase Order,
dan Receiving Report. Kemudian dari pihak depatemennya akan melakukan pencocokan
Receiving Report dengan Purchase Order dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah
semua barang yang dipesan itu sudah diterima/dikirim semua. Kemudian dibuatlah
Voucher Package untuk memastikan jumlah harga yang harus dibayar kepada
Supplier. Hal ini merupakan pengendalian perusahaan agar dapat mengetahui
berapa jumlah yang harus dibayar sesuai dengan jumlah barang yang telah diterima
sesuai dengan kenyataannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ada dua cara yang bisa dilakukannya untuk
memproses faktur penjualan dari vendor : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-sistem tanpa voiucher :</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">setiap
faktur penjualan yang disetujui dimasukkan ke dalam catatan terpisah pemasok di
file utang usaha dan kemudian disimpan dalam file faktur belum dibayar.</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-sistem
voucher :</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dalam sistem ini, sebuah dokumen yang disebut
voucher pengeluaran juga dipersiapkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aktivitas pembayaran atas pembelian
barang dan jasa yang telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan dokumen pengeluaran kas.
Bagian utang usaha menyetujui faktur penjualan untuk dibayar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada saat jatuh tempo pembayaran, pihak
Supplier akan mengih perusahaan sesuai dengan dokumen voucher Package.</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dan
kemudian dari bagian </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kasir bertanggung jawab untuk melakukan
pembayaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contoh
siklus pengeluaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXM_e42Q_U9uby36fHpRXH_yQUPkhvU5Pc9HdHqy7mDgBH4hUWO3mTxADLPdBuHOMUL-_LykSNaS8jxIyuTg6HySn1q55q_nzz17thwnz0rnCDceG_9tCfG2Kjc2mXVJiCwSpAeBAa8u0/s1029/TGS+4+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXM_e42Q_U9uby36fHpRXH_yQUPkhvU5Pc9HdHqy7mDgBH4hUWO3mTxADLPdBuHOMUL-_LykSNaS8jxIyuTg6HySn1q55q_nzz17thwnz0rnCDceG_9tCfG2Kjc2mXVJiCwSpAeBAa8u0/s400/TGS+4+2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 220.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 451.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contoh siklus pengeluaran untuk PT. INDAH SARI .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contoh yang terjadi dalam siklus pengeluaran diatas yang
pertama yaitu adanya pemesanan/order barang dari PT.indah sari kepada
supliernya ,pemesanan itu dicatat dalam dokumen Purchase Requisition,setelah
dikirmkan kepada suppliernya,yang kemudian dari pihak supliernya itu akan
mengirimkan jenis-jenis barang tersebut yang dipesan dari PT.indah sari,dimana kemudian
barang tersebut akan masuk dalam gudang barang/persediaan perusahan itu, dalam
menerima barang tersebut dari pihak depateremnnya juga harus mencocokan jumlah
barang yang dipesan dengan jumlah barang yang diminta apakah sesuai atau tidak,disamping
itu PT indah sari juga memiliki hutang dagang terhadap supliernya,dimana
nantinya supliernya menagih hutang dagang tersebut kepada PT.indah sari dan
pada saat jatuh tempo pelunasan,Kasir akan membayar hutang dagang tersebut
kepada supliernya .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ancaman
dan pengendalian dalam siklus pengeluaran !<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 5.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 24.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Proses /Aktivitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.85pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Ancaman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180.25pt;" valign="top" width="240">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Prosedur
pengendalian yang dapat diterapkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 143.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 143.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Pesan
barang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 143.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.85pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">1.mencegah kehabisanatau kelebihan persediaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">2.Meminta barang yang tidak
dibutuhkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">3. Membeli dgn harga yang
dinaikkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">4. Membeli barang berkualitas
rendah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">5.
Membeli dari pemasok yang tidak diotorisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 143.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180.25pt;" valign="top" width="240">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Sistem pengendalian persediaan;
Catt persediaan perpetual; teknologi kode garis; penghitungan persediaan
secara periodik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Catt persediaan perpetual yang
akurat; persetujuan permintaan pembelian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Meminta penawaran kompetitif;
gunakan pemasok yang disetujui; persetujuan pesanan pembelian; pengendalian
anggaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Gunakan vendor yang disetujui;
awasi kinerja vendor; pengendalian anggaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Persetujuan
pesanan pembelian; batasi akses ke file utama pemasok<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 230.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 230.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Terima
dan simpang barang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 230.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.85pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">-Menerima barangyang tidak
dipesan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1.95pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">-Membuat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">kesalahan dalam penghitungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">-Mencuri persediaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 230.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180.25pt;" valign="top" width="240">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Minta bagian penerimaan untuk
memverifikasi keberadaan pesanan pembelian yang valid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Dokumentasikan kinerja pegawai;
insentif untuk penghitungan yang akurat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Pengendalian akses fisik;
penghitungan periodic persediaan dan rekonsiliasi perhitungan fisik dengan
catt; dokumentasikan semua kiriman persediaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 56.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Setujui
dan bayar faktur dari vendor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.85pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">-Membayar barang yang tidak
diterima<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">-Gagal memanfaatkan diskon
pembelian yang tersedia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">- Membayar faktur yang sama 2x<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">-Kesalahan mencatat dan
memasukkan data dalam utang usaha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">- menyalahgunakan kas, cek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180.25pt;" valign="top" width="240">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Hanya membayar faktur yang
didukung oleh laporan penerimaan asli.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Penyimpanan file yang tepat;
anggaran arus kas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Hanya membayar faktur yang
didukung oleh bundle voucher asli<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Pengendalian edit berbagai
entri data dan pemrosesan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Batasi akses ke cek kosong,
mesin penandatangan cek; pemisahan tugas antara bagian utang usaha dengan
kasir; rekonsiliasi rek bank oleh orang yang independent dari proses
pengeluaran kas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 230.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 230.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Pengendalian
umum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 230.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.85pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">- Kehilangan data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">-Kinerja kurang baik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 230.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180.25pt;" valign="top" width="240">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Buat cadangan dan rencana pemulihan
dari bencana; pengendalian akses fisik dan logis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Pembuatan dan peninjauan ulang
secara periodic; laporan kinerja yang memadai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://aldijibrillatief.blogspot.com/2010/11/siklus-pendapatan-penjualan-dan.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://aldijibrillatief.blogspot.com/2010/11/siklus-pendapatan-penjualan-dan.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com247tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-87562219440575062952013-05-31T19:55:00.001-07:002013-05-31T19:55:27.185-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">TUGAS 3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">PEMODELAN PROSES BISNIS B<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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<v:formulas>
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<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape alt="Description: C:\Users\Thosiba\Documents\logo.png" id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 178.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 187.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="logo" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TYAS KRISTYANA 682012063<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ANGGRINI KONGO 682012057<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">FAYREN G E LODO RATU 682012069<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RYAN WIDI H 682010601<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> WILLIAMS
Y BAKKER 682012064<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN SATYA WACANA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2012 / 2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: page; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 53.3pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 102%px;" summary="Layout table">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 260.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-right: none; border: solid silver 1.0pt; height: 260.15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid silver .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 18.45pt;" valign="top" width="25">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 53.3pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid silver 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid silver 1.0pt; height: 260.15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid silver .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid silver .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 53.3pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut
ini:</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jelaskan tentang siklus pendapatan!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebutkan dan jelaskan aktivitas-aktivitas dalam
siklus pendapatan!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebutkan dan jelaskan aktivitas apa saja yang
terjadi di aktivitas <i>Sales Order Entry</i>!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebutkan dan jelaskan aktivitas apa saja yang
terjadi di aktivitas <i>Shipping</i>!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebutkan dan jelaskan aktivitas apa saja yang
terjadi di aktivitas <i>Billing and Accounts Receivable</i>!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebutkan dan jelaskan aktivitas apa saja yang
terjadi di aktivitas <i>Cash Collections</i>!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan contoh dan jelaskan <i>Revenue
Cycle Data Model</i>!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: 53.3pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Berdasarkan jawaban sebelumnya, silahkan
Anda menjawab pertanyaan berikut ini:</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jelaskan tentang siklus pendapatan dan
aktivitas-aktivitasnya dalam sebuah contoh/kasus. Jelaskan pula
bagaimana <i>Threats and Applicable Control Procedures</i> yang
dilakukan dalam setiap aktivitas pendapatan!</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Siklus
Pendapatan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Siklus pendapatan adalah rangkaian
aktivitas bisnis dan kegiatan pemrosesan informasi terkait yang terus berulang dengan
menyediakan barang dan jasa ke para pelanggan dan menagih kas sebagai
pembayaran dari penjualan-penjualan tersebut.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aktifitas-aktifitas
yang terdapat dalam siklus pendapatan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Entri
pesanan penjualan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Langkah ini melibatkan semua aktifitas
yang berkaitan dengan pemrosesan pesanan pelanggan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengiriman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aktivitas dasar kedua dalam siklus
pendapatan adalah memenuhi pesanan pelanggan dan mengirimkan barang dagangan
yang diinginkan tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penagihan
dan Piutang Usaha</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aktivitas dasar ketiga dalam siklus pendapatan,
melibatkan Penagihan ke para pelanggan dan Memelihara data piutang usaha.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menerima
pembayaran.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Langkah terakhir dari siklus pendapatan adalah menerima pembayaran.yang
melakukan aktifitas ini adalah kasir.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Aktivitas yang terjadi di aktivitas <i>Sales Order Entry !</i></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ada 3 tahap aktivitas yang terjadi pada sales order
entry,yaitu ;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengambil
pesanan dari pelanggan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pesanan pelanggan
dapat diterima dalam berbagai cara: di toko, melalui surat, melalui telepon, melalui web site, atau melalui
tenaga penjualan di lapangan. Hal ini secara otomatis akan tercapai untuk
penjualan melalui web site, tetapi hal ini juga dapat dicapai baik dalam
penjualan melalui toko maupun surat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memeriksa
dan menyetujui kredit dari pelanggan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penjualan secara kredit harus disetujui sebelum
diproses. Bagi pelanggan lama dengan catatan pembayaran yang baik, pemeriksaan
kredit formal untuk setiap penjualan biasanya tidak dibutuhkan. <br />
Otorisasi khusus untuk menyetujui kredit digunakan bagi para pelanggan baru,
ketika sebuah pesanan melebihi batas kredit pelanggan tersebut, atau ketika
pelanggan tersebut memiliki saldo lewat jatuh tempo yang belum dibayar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">memeriksa
ketersediaan persediaan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">bertujuan menetapkan apakah tersedia cukup persediaan
untuk memenuhi pesanan tersebut, agar pelanggan dapat diinformasikan mengenai
perkiraan tanggal pengiriman.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aktivitas yang terjadi di
aktivitas <i>Shipping!</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengambil
dan mengepak Pesanan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pekerja gudang bertanggungjawab untukmemenuhi pesanan
pelanggan dengan mengambil barang dari persediaan/inventori.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengirim
pesanan tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Departemen bagian perdagangan dan pengiriman melakukan aktivitas ini.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aktifitas yang tejadi di aktifitas <i>Billing
and Accounts Receivable</i>!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penagihan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dokumen dasar yang dibuat dalam
proses penagihan adalah faktur penjualan yang memberitahukan pelanggan mengenai
jumlah yang harus dibayar dan kemana harus mengirimkan pembayaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pemeliharaan
data piutang usaha.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fungsi piutang usaha
yaitumenggunakan informasi dalam faktur penjualan untuk mendebit rekening pelanggan
dan mengkredit rekening tersebut ketika pembayaran diterima. Dua cara dasar
untuk memelihara data piutang usaha.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: 10.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Metode faktur terbuka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Para pelanggan biasanya membayar
sesuai jumlah faktur tiap penjualan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: 10.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Metode pembayaran gabungan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Para pelanggan biasanya membayar
sesuai dengan jumlah yang diperlihatkanpada lap[oran bulanan, bukan membayar
setiap jumlah pada faktur penjualan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Jenis sistem
penagihan<i>:</i></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -1.1pt;">Dalam sistem setelah penagihan,
faktur dipersiapkan setelah confirmasi bahwa barang-barang dikirim.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -1.1pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="text-indent: -1.1pt;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -1.1pt;">Dalam sistem pra penagihan,
faktur dipersiapkan (tetapi tidak dikirim) sesegera pesanan disetujui.</span></li>
</ol>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aktivitas yang terjadi di
aktivitas <i>Cash Collections!</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Langkah terakhir dari siklus
pendapatan adalah menerima pembayaran. Yang melakukan aktivitas ini adlah
kasir.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menangani
kiriman uang pelanggan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">kasir Menangani pembayaran dari customer baik itu
secara cash ataupun kredit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menyimpannya
ke bank.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">setelah customer selesai melakukan pembayaran,selanjutnya uang tersebut
akan disimpan ke Bank agar uangnya terjaga keamanannya..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Revenue Cycle Data Model!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhouAcJYDRzNt1h3SxcwcfWQ9Sj3Gvr0dyCY-Yt9rY4E-j8hPvcEXcHbIBRkzy_VGSg4qLnBbEGcmzdppzHDKnMiaVuuVQiT4dfqG2eNo-_LIHbNxd7m-MM7Ukcgrgh2vO-f-Gcj7P_FFM/s1600/31.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhouAcJYDRzNt1h3SxcwcfWQ9Sj3Gvr0dyCY-Yt9rY4E-j8hPvcEXcHbIBRkzy_VGSg4qLnBbEGcmzdppzHDKnMiaVuuVQiT4dfqG2eNo-_LIHbNxd7m-MM7Ukcgrgh2vO-f-Gcj7P_FFM/s1600/31.png" height="206" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 195pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 359.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dua Sumber utama yaitu Kas dan persediaan,yang berguna
bagi siklus pendapatan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Model data REA menggambarkan pola dasar bagaimana unsur dalam ketiga
kesatuan (sumber daya, kejadian dan agen) dapat saling berhubungan satu sama
lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">contoh siklus pendapatan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ-EddIF4WYs0HBHNgr-R7CI4R-LxNsJsIMlIKmz_5CYmzOYrLVDOekz3PMHcWGoln_gpSxp8zqmuqmHY91TI_kXk1D3l-xKXZV1mOFwhHNhFQSa3Km0hkdd1ezXqJrCURTB68-FHzm0Q/s1600/sik+pendapatan.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape alt="Description: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ-EddIF4WYs0HBHNgr-R7CI4R-LxNsJsIMlIKmz_5CYmzOYrLVDOekz3PMHcWGoln_gpSxp8zqmuqmHY91TI_kXk1D3l-xKXZV1mOFwhHNhFQSa3Km0hkdd1ezXqJrCURTB68-FHzm0Q/s320/sik+pendapatan.jpg" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ-EddIF4WYs0HBHNgr-R7CI4R-LxNsJsIMlIKmz_5CYmzOYrLVDOekz3PMHcWGoln_gpSxp8zqmuqmHY91TI_kXk1D3l-xKXZV1mOFwhHNhFQSa3Km0hkdd1ezXqJrCURTB68-FHzm0Q/s1600/sik+pendapatan.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_2" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 242.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 351pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh
Siklus pendapatan order penjualan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Siklus Pendapatan bermula dari adanya pesanan barang
dari customer. Kemudian pesanan diproses apakah dibayar tunai atau kredit.
Apabila dilakukan dengan tunai maka langsung masuk ke kas dan barang akan
segera dikirim ke customer. Namun jika dilakukan secara kredit, perlu dilakukan
proses apakah kreditnya disetujui atau tidak. Jika disetujui maka barang segera
dikirim ke customer. Bagian piutang dagang mencatat kredit tersebut dan akan
melakukan penagihan ke customer jika waktu jatuh tempo. Setelah itu customer
membayar kredit dan uang langsung masuk ke kas perusahaan. <br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam contoh kasus penjualan diatas,setiap aktifitas
yang terjadi bisa jadi ada ancaman/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Threats dan dari ancaman itu kita harus punya Applicable
Control Procedures/prosedur pengendalian aplikasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikut merupakan beberapa ancaman yang kemungkinan
muncul saat transaksi berlangsung,dan sekaligus prosedur pegendaliannya.</span><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
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<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ancaman dan prosedur pengendalian
aplikasi entri pesanan penjualan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 220.4pt;" valign="top" width="294">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Ancaman<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 220.4pt;" valign="top" width="294">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Prosedur Pengendalian yang dapat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Diterapkan</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 198.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 198.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 220.4pt;" valign="top" width="294">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pesanan
pelanggan yang tidak lengkap atau tidak akurat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penjualan
secara kredit ke pelanggan yang memiliki catatan kredit buruk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Habisnya
persediaan, biaya penggudangan, dan pengurangan harga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 198.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 220.4pt;" valign="top" width="294">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pemeriksaan edit entri data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Persetujuan kredit oleh manajer
bagian kredit, bukan oleh fungsi penjualan; catatan yang akurat atas saldo
rekening pelanggan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sistem pengendalian persediaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ancaman dan
prosedur pengendalian aplikasi pengiriman</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 19.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 31.1pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 211.45pt;" valign="top" width="282">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ancaman<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 31.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Prosedur Pengendalian yang dapat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Diterapkan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 179.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 179.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 211.45pt;" valign="top" width="282">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kesalahan
pengiriman:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Brg. Dag. Yang salah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jumlah Yang salah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alamat yang salah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pencurian
persediaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 179.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Rekonsiliasi pesanan penjualan
dengan kartu pengambilan dan slip pengepakan; pemindai kode garis;
pengendalian aplikasi entri data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Batasi akses
fisik ke persediaan;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dokumentasi semua transfer internal persediaan;
perhitungan fisik persediaan secara periodik persediaan dan rekonsiliasi
perhitungan dengan </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">jumlah yang
dicatat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ancaman dan
prosedur pengendalian aplikasi penagihan dan piutang usaha</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19.9pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ancaman<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Prosedur pengendalian yang dapat
di terapkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 167.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 167.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kesalahan
dalam penagihan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kesalahan
dalam memasukkan data ketika memperbarui piutang usaha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kegagalan
untuk menagih pelanggan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 167.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengendalian
edit entri data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dan Daftar harga.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Rekonsiliasi buku pembantu piutang
usaha dengan buku besar; laporan bulanan ke pelanggan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pemberian nomor terlebih dahulu ke
semua dokumen pengiriman dan rekonsiliasi faktur secara periodik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ancaman dan prosedur pengendalian
aplikasi penagihan KAS</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ancaman<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Prosedur pengendalian yang dapat diterapkan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pencurian Kas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-konfirmasikan pengesahan dan
penyimpanan semua penerimaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Rekonsiliasi periodik laporan bank dengan catatan
seseorang yang tidak terlibat dalam pemrosesan penerimaan kas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://yanuindra.blogspot.com/2011/10/siklus-pengeluaran.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://yanuindra.blogspot.com/2011/10/siklus-pengeluaran.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent1;">ml.scribd.com/doc/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://bilalprasetiyo.blogspot.com/2011/11/revenue-cycle-siklus-pendapatan.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://bilalprasetiyo.blogspot.com/2011/11/revenue-cycle-siklus-pendapatan.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://blog.stie-mce.ac.id/istutik/2011/04/12/accounting-information-systems-revenue-cycle/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">h</span><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://phunnypelupa.blogspot.com/2013/01/aktivitas-bisnis-siklus-pendapatan.html</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></a></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com27tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-26802205665411816992013-05-24T00:18:00.005-07:002013-05-24T00:18:57.057-07:00<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">TUGAS 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">PEMODELAN PROSES BISNIS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TYAS KRISTYANA 682012063<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ANGGRINI KONGO 682012057<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">FAYREN G E LODO RATU 682012069<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RYAN WIDI H 682010601<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> WILLIAMS
Y BAKKER 682012064<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN SATYA WACANA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2012</span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jelaskan mengapa perlu
melakukan pemetaan (kodifikasi) proses bisnis!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Memahami pemetaan bisnis proses akan memberikan wawasan mengenai
keseluruhan proses bisnis yang ada di perusahaan. Penguasaan business process mapping
memungkinkan melakukan manajemen yang lebih sistematis, terarah dan akan
memberikan layanan yang maksimal.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Karena
tujuan suatu perusahaan ada</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">lah mempertahankan kelangsungan bisnisnya, melakukan pertumbuhan, serta </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">meningkatkan
profitabilitas. Setiap perusahaan dapat dipandang sebagai sekumpulan kegiatan
(value activities)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> yang dilakukan untuk merancang, menghasilkan, memasarkan, menyampaikan dan
mendukung produknya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Selanjutnya akan diambil suatu proses bisnis yang akan ditunjang dengan
teknologi informasi untuk memudahkan proses bisnis tersebut. Proses bisnis
tersebut adalah proses pelaporan perkembangan pelaksanaan proyek
pembangunannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Oleh karena itu sangat dibutuhkan pemetaan(kodifikasi) dalam suatu proses
bisnis. Agar proses bisnis tersebut dapat mencapai target yang maksimal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://manajemenoperasional.com/pemetaan-proses-bisnis-dengan-clear/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://manajemenoperasional.com/pemetaan-proses-bisnis-dengan-clear/</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.proweb.co.id/articles/manajemen/business_process_mapping.html"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://www.proweb.co.id/articles/manajemen/business_process_mapping.html</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jenis-jenis kodifikasi proses bisnis adalah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">DFD
(Data Flow Diagram), Flowchart, dan CFFD (Cross Functional Flow Diagram).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sebutkan dan beri
penjelasan notasi-notasi Flowchart! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Didalam pemrograman sangat dikenal dengan diagram alir (<i>flowchart</i>).
DiagramAlir (<i>Flowchart</i>) digunakan untuk membantu analis dan programmer
untuk memecahkan masalah dalam pemrograman. Diagram Alir (<i>Flowchart</i>)
adalah gambaran secara grafik yang terdiri dari simbol-simbol dari
algoritma-algoritma dalam suatu program, yang menyatakan arah dari alur
program.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Berikut ini merupakan simbol-simbol yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan
diagram alir (<i>flowchart</i>):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://nongkrong-bersama.blogspot.com/2012/09/simbol-simbol-diagram-alir-flow-chart.html"><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent1;">http://nongkrong-bersama.blogspot.com/2012/09/simbol-simbol-diagram-alir-flow-chart.html</span></a><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sebutkan dan beri penjelasan notasi-notasi Data Flow
Diagram (DFD)!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_LeINA8_05yrRGcioCdRVCDHof5yvEjZ7r_lxSKc1gjIgG4HgK-AU7A4pyYE3QV97fopWAjXuRVm5wnMVjs9ZSoZO8pvYairvUVfFOBeyn2YeZLFaxss42Jr5J5XlsZocTQSamskT4bE/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_LeINA8_05yrRGcioCdRVCDHof5yvEjZ7r_lxSKc1gjIgG4HgK-AU7A4pyYE3QV97fopWAjXuRVm5wnMVjs9ZSoZO8pvYairvUVfFOBeyn2YeZLFaxss42Jr5J5XlsZocTQSamskT4bE/s320/2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Proses menggambarkan aktiviti menggolah data (input)
untuk menghasilkan data (output).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Aliran data adalah laluan data bergerak dari satu
bagian ke satu bagian yang lain.arah laluan dikenal pasti dengan arah anak panah. Ia meawakili data yang dimasukkan
dan dikeluarkan dari/kepada “proses” dan storan data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Storan data digunakan untuk menyimpan data bagi
kegunaan proses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 68.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Entiti luar adalah sumber luar yang berinteraksi
dengan sistem yang akan dibangunkan. Entiti luar menyediakan data/sumber kepada
sistem. Ia dilabelkan dengan kata nama,contohnya pelajar dan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://books.google.co.id/books?id=4rdpdu1MNlsC&pg=PA80&dq=Notasi-notasi+DFD&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GOeVUdHaFcWOiAfy3oC4CQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Notasi-notasi%20DFD&f=false"><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent1;">http://books.google.co.id/books?id=4rdpdu1MNlsC&pg=PA80&dq=Notasi-notasi+DFD&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GOeVUdHaFcWOiAfy3oC4CQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Notasi-notasi%20DFD&f=false</span></a><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Berdasarkan jawaban sebelumnya, silahkan Anda menjawab pertanyaan berikut
ini:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.7pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan
contoh masing-masing untuk penggunaan Flowchart dan DFD. Jangan lupa untuk
menjelaskan alur proses bisnis sesuai dengan contoh yang diberikan!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Flow chart
di atas dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut : Proses produksi makanan dan minuman
ini diawali dengan membeli bahan baku utama serta pendukung yang diperlukan.
Kemudian langkah berikutnya adalah mempersiapkan peralatan yang diperlukan
untuk proses produksi. Apabila ada order ketika semua peralatan telah
disiapkan, maka juru masak segera mempersiapakan olahan bahan untuk dimasak
menjadi makanan yang sesuai dengan order dari pelanggan. Setelah siap makan
segera disajikan kepada pelanggan. Namun apabila semua peralatan sudah
disiapkan dan belum ada order dari pelanggan, maka juru masak akan mempersiapkan
bahan dan memasak makanan yang cukup lama proses pemasakkannya. Setelah selesai
makanan tersebut akan disajikan di etalase, sehingga ketika ada order makanan
tersebut dari pelanggan makanan sudah siap untuk disajikan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://gudang-gedang.blogspot.com/p/production-plan.html"><span style="color: #4f81bd; mso-themecolor: accent1;">http://gudang-gedang.blogspot.com/p/production-plan.html</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #4f81bd; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Diagram konteks</span></i><b> </b></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">menggambarkan satu lingkaran besar yang dapat mewakili
seluruh proses yang terdapat di dalam suatu sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Contoh proses bisnis di
bawah adalah penjualan kacamata di optik 688.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpARqMpvAgwf7wWvxS_zjvhchgVAubjfC6J8msGYfR3GARznihIqIVgVIS66lNeHuDplEwaa8GSJAWOmyYELMt73ApYQzuY-1tLMu6RdXvEG6PUKGqsH-YlSTgzewdBLRlWqCllH5uAIo/s1600/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpARqMpvAgwf7wWvxS_zjvhchgVAubjfC6J8msGYfR3GARznihIqIVgVIS66lNeHuDplEwaa8GSJAWOmyYELMt73ApYQzuY-1tLMu6RdXvEG6PUKGqsH-YlSTgzewdBLRlWqCllH5uAIo/s320/4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Disitu terlihat bahwa terjadi suatu
suatu kegiatan dan proses transaksi
dimana Pelanggan sebagai eksternal entitas memberikan keluhan/data gangguan
mata kepada bagian optik 688,sebaliknya
dari bagian optik 688 memproses data
yang diberikan pelanggan dan memberikan kembali nota pemesanan kepada
pelanggan.berikutnya dari bagian pihak optik 688 memberikan laporan transaksi
kepada pemiliknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diagram
Nol (diagram level-1) : merupakan satu lingkaran besar yang mewakili lingkaran-lingkaran kecil yang
ada di dalamnya. Merupakan pemecahan dari diagram Konteks ke diagram Nol. di
dalam diagram ini memuat penyimpanan data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrFl8D4RV7r7UDDKFdaUqYbxIrR2sMbdFFQfe05QZc5wRrRW9DhtivyTqbTRHI2u9dZEWbeI1OA2WX0egakSU9mooYszIQPdQ8HgDo3tHRRP38ue6Y_okaXOKhs_Jzpp-g0c1BFEtTIdU/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrFl8D4RV7r7UDDKFdaUqYbxIrR2sMbdFFQfe05QZc5wRrRW9DhtivyTqbTRHI2u9dZEWbeI1OA2WX0egakSU9mooYszIQPdQ8HgDo3tHRRP38ue6Y_okaXOKhs_Jzpp-g0c1BFEtTIdU/s320/5.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kembali lagi melihat proses
diatas ,dimana pelanggan sebagai eksternal entitas memberikan data gangguan
mata lalu melakukan pemeriksaan. Selanjutnya hasil dari pemeriksaan tadi lalu diproses
dan diberi penerimaan order. Selesai,kemudian data mata pelanggan dan order di
catat oleh kasir dan kasir memberikan nota pemesanan kepada pelanggan. Selanjutnya
data order dan jumlah yg harus dibayar tadi dimasukan juga dalam proses
transaksi penjualan atau pemesanan kacamata. Dan selanjutnya pelanggan akan
melakukan pembayaran. Data order dan jumlah yang dibayar tadi kemudian dicatat
dalam transaksi penjualan atau pemesanan kacamata dan disimpan dalam data
transaksi(transaksi penjualan). Selanjutnya catatan/data transaksi juga harus
dibuat laporan untuk diberikan kepada pemilik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://putriekananda.blogspot.com/2013/01/dfd-data-flow-diagram-sebuah-sistem.html"><span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">http://putriekananda.blogspot.com/2013/01/dfd-data-flow-diagram-sebuah-sistem.html</span></a><span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=3183457992012421525&pageID=5102902401826284749&target=email" target="_blank" title="Kirimkan Ini lewat Email"><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><br />
</span></a><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com116tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-24609879787146434532013-05-17T22:05:00.001-07:002013-05-17T22:05:16.051-07:00<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">PEMODELAN PROSES BISNIS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUY0in_WUcMuA3xv9_gpPweEkUdndwEocmKI2COIvhfVX-mekVT_Af52Yqw8w33SAvCdTQYeyxNERvBI6oy3MCIu_RNhSw8a7BFyRYHdIWzC8haOOWNwHfS_nWy-w7wf8hYuUfarW6dMo/s1600/logo+uksw.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUY0in_WUcMuA3xv9_gpPweEkUdndwEocmKI2COIvhfVX-mekVT_Af52Yqw8w33SAvCdTQYeyxNERvBI6oy3MCIu_RNhSw8a7BFyRYHdIWzC8haOOWNwHfS_nWy-w7wf8hYuUfarW6dMo/s200/logo+uksw.PNG" width="200" /></a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">TYAS KRISTYANA 682012063</span></b></div>
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<b style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ANGGRINI KONGO 682012057</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">FAREN G E LODO RATU 682012069<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RYAN WIDI H 682010601</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> WILLIAMS
Y BAKKER 682012064<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN SATYA WACANA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2012 / 2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan proses bisnis!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sekumpulan tugas atau pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan
proses yang dilakukan untuk mencapai hasil bisnis yang ditetapkan untuk
pelanggan tertentu atau pasar. Suatu proses bisnis bisa dipecah menjadi
beberapa subproses yang masing-masing memiliki atribut sendiri tapi juga
berkontribusi untuk mencapai tujuan dari superprosesnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Beberapa
karakteristik umum yang dianggap harus dimiliki suatu proses bisnis adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">proses
bisnis harus memiliki batasan, masukan,
dan keluaran yang jelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Aktifitas
proses bisnis harus berurutan sesuai waktu dan ruang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Suatu
proses bisnis harus mempunyai pelanggan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perubahan
yang terjadi dalam proses harus memberikan nilai tambah pada penerima. Maksud
memberikan nilai tambah yaitu meberikan manfaat dan nilai guna yang lebih untuk
penerima. Contoh: proses accounting, misalnya proses hasil perhitungan
terjadi kesalahan, dari kesalahan tersebut bisa dilakukan pengecekan kembali
hingga perhitungannya benar. Sehingga penerima tidak merasa dirugikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Suatu proses tidak dapat berdiri sendiri,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">melainkan
harus terkait dalam suatu struktur<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">organisasi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Suatu
proses umumnya, walaupun tidak harus, mencakup beberapa fungsi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tiga jenis proses bisnis:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Proses manajemen, yakni proses yang mengendalikan
operasional dari sebuah sistem. Contohnya semisal Manajemen Strategis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Proses operasional, yakni proses yang meliputi bisnis
inti dan menciptakan aliran nilai utama. Contohnya semisal proses pembelian, manufaktur,
pengiklanan dan pemasaran, dan penjualan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Proses pendukung, yang mendukung proses inti.
Contohnya semisal akunting, rekruitmen, pusat bantuan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proses bisnis
melingkupi hal-hal sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tujuan
atau sasaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Membutuhkan
input.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menghasilkan
output.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Membutuhkan
sumber daya untuk memproses masukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Aktifitasnya
secara berurutan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proses
tersebut dapat melibatkan lebih dari satu bagian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Memberi
keuntungan dan kemudahan untuk pelanggan pertama atau terakhir<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Be</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">berapa
proses-proses suatu organisasi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">individual
precesses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proses yang dilakukan sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Vertical
or Functional Processe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proses yang terdapat suatu departemen atau unit fungsional
tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Horizontal
or cross-function processes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proses yang melintasi beberapa unit fungsional atau pada konteks
supply chain dapat mengatasi perusahaan yang berbeda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan pengelolaan proses bisnis!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengelolaan proses bisnis serangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam
koordinasi dalam lingkungan organisasi dan teknis. Kegiatan ini bersama-sama
mewujudkan tujuan bisnis.Proses
bisnis yang dikelola dengan baik akan menghasilkan bisnis sesuai tujuannya. Pengelolaan
Proses Bisnis dibagi menjadi :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pembagian
tanggung jawab<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Wewenang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">dan
tugas dalam organisasi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kebijakan
“top management”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Manajerial
“middle management”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Operasional
“low management”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan sistem pengelolaan proses bisnis
dan berikan contohnya!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="background: white;">Peran dari proses bisnis itu sendiri adalah dalam
peningkatan total revenue dan mengurangi
total cost dalam perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, jelas sekali bahwa pengelolaan
daripada proses bisnis perusahaan akan sangat menentukan keberhasilan </span>dalam
mencapai keunggulan bersaing. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh organisasi profit</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">
yaitu Meminimalisir modal dan meningkatkan keuntungan misalkan perusahaan
Indofood mempunyai tujuan yang sangat jelas yaitu untuk menghasilkan maupun
menyediakan barang guna untuk mencari laba dan memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat
guna kelangsungan hidupnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh organisasi nonProfit</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> yaitu
LSM (Lembaga swadaya masyarakat). Sebuah organisasi yang didirikan oleh
perorangan ataupun sekelompok orang yang secara sukarela yang memberikan
pelayanan kepada masyarakat umum tanpa bertujuan untuk memperoleh keuntungan
dari kegiatannya. Kegiatan dilakukan untuk kepentingan masyarakat umum, tidak
hanya untuk kepentingan para anggota seperti yang di lakukan koperasi ataupun
organisasi profesi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh LSM di Indonesia adalah Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Wisata.
Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Wisata adalah suatu lembaga kewisataan khususnya
Pariwisata, yang mendorong pelestarian objek-objek wisata alam, seni kebudayaan
traditional yang hampir dilupakan, menggali potensi kebudayaan Nenek moyang
kita untuk mempersatukan generasi penerus dan sebagai sasaran ke ingin tahuan
para turis Manca Negara untuk datang ke Indonesia . Sudah jelas tujuan utama
dari organisasi ini,yakni bukan semata-mata untuk mendapatkan laba melainkan
untuk melestarikan kekayaan objek wisata seperti yang telah diulaskan
sebelumnya. Sumber daya entitas berasal dari para penyumbang yang tidak
mengharapkan pembayaran kembali atas manfaat ekonomi yang sebanding dengan
jumlah sumber daya yang diberikan. Tidak ada kepemilikan seperti lazimnya pada
organisasi bisnis, dalam arti bahwa kepemilikan dalam organisasi nirlaba tidak
dapat dijual, dialihkan, atau ditebus kembali, atau kepemilikan tersebut tidak
mencerminkan proporsi pembagian sumber daya entitas pada saat likuiditas atau
pembubaran entitas.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Untuk menggunakan sistem, langkah awal yang harus dilakukan oleh
pengguna adalah memilih pertanyaan terkait dengan proses bisnis seperti
pertanyaan yang ingin menemukan proses atau sub proses, pelaksana atau
partisipan terkait dengan proses bisnis tertentu, dan variabel yang digunakan
pada proses bisnis tertentu.</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh
Sistem pengelolaan proses bisnis .</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contonya yaitu
sistem sistem <i>Business Process Management</i> (BPM). Sebuah solusi
sistem BPM yang lengkap akan men-support seluruh fase dari Process Lifecycle
yaitu mulai dari Definisi Proses, Eksekusi & Kontrol Proses, hingga
Monitoring dan Perbaikan Proses. Process Lifecycle ini berbentuk suatu loop
tertutup dimana setelah fase terakhir, proses akan selalu dapat berulang ke
fase pertama kembali. Dukungan terhadap full process lifecycle seperti ini
tentunya akan sangat membantu perusahaan dalam usaha dalam peningkatan kualitas
proses bisnisnya yang berkesinambungan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan pemodelan proses bisnis!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pemodelan
proses bisnis merupakan suatu langkah awal yang sangat penting dalam menghasilkan
sistem informasi enterprise yang terintegrasi. Model bisnis adalah seperangkat
asumsi tentang bagaimana organisasi menghasilkan nilai yang bermanfaat bagi
seluruh komponen yang ada dalam organisasi. Manfaat yang jelas, pemodelan
bisnis bagi organisasi adalah memperjelas karakteristik dan tujuan dari proses
organisasi. Salah satu teknik pemodelan proses bisnis bagi organisasi yang
tersedia pada saat ini adalah UML. Keberadaan UML sebagai teknik pemodelan
pengembangan sistem informasi secara keseluruhan juga diiringi dengan munculnya
tools pemodelan yang dapat digunakan oleh organisasi. Dalam makalah ini, akan
mengulas tentang bagaimana cara mengidentifikasi pemodelan proses bisnis dalam organisasi
dengan suatu pendekatan yang dinamakan dengan pendekatan object oriented.
Bagaimana teknis pemodelan proses bisnis tersebut dilakukan, akan dituangkan
dalam bentuk studi kasus yaitu pemodelan proses bisnis untuk kebutuhan
perguruan tinggi.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan tahapan dan siklus proses bisnis!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Model
proses bisnis bisa, dikelompokkan atas 9 (sembilan) tahapan (Gambar 4), yang
menggambarkan siklus dari model proses yang akan dilakukan dalam menghasilkan
sistem informasi enterprise (Montilva & Barrios, 2004).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gambar 4.</span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Jelaskan dan sebutkan klasifikasi proses bisnis!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kategori,
merupakan tingkat tertinggi dalam klasifikasi proses bisnis, diberikan nomor
item, seperti : 1.0 dan 3.0.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelompok Proses, merupakan item
dalam klasifikasi proses yang dipertimbangkan dalam satu daerah proses,
diberikan nomor item dengan satu desimal, seperti : 8.1 dan 9.1</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proses, merupakan item dalam
klasifikasi proses yang dipertimbangkan sebagai suatu proses, diberikan nomor
item dengan dua desimal, seperti : 8.11 dan 9.12</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aktivitas,
merupakan semua item yang dipertimbangkan sebagai aktivitas-aktivitas di dalam
suatu proses, diberikan nomor item dengan tiga decimal atau lebih, seperti :
8.3.1.1 dan 9.1.1.1</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Klasifikasi proses bisnis yang dikembangkan oleh APQC ini ditujukan untuk
menjadi model bagi perusahaan yang memungkinkan organisasi untuk melihat
aktivitas-aktivitas berdasarkan sudut pandang dari beberapa industri lainnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span style="background: white;">Pengklasifikasian proses bisnis ini sebagai bahan
perbandingan untuk mengembangkan pendefinisian, proses-proses, dan pengukuran
untuk proses perbaikan. Klasifikasi proses APQC mewakili serangkaian proses
yang saling berkaitan secara sosiotechnical secara alami, penting untuk bisnis,
dan mewakili enam dimensi utama dari organisasi, yaitu : komunitas/fungsi
pengetahuan, proses-proses, isi, pasar, budaya, dan struktur organisasi.
Klasifikasi proses bisnis yang dikembangkan oleh APQC berdasarkan lebih dari 80
organisasi yang memiliki keinginan untuk mengembangkan usahanya dengan
menggunakan metode benchmarking di seluruh dunia.</span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengapa proses
bisnis perlu dipahami dengan baik sebelum pembuatan sistem informasi?Jelaskan
keterkaitan antara pemodelan proses bisnis dengan tahapan analisa dan desain
pada pembuatan sistem informasi! Berikan contoh bagaimana keterkaitannya!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Proses bisnis sangat perlu di ketahui terlebih dahulu sebelum
mebuat sistem informasi. Sistem Informasi nantinya akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat fleksibilitas dalam
bisnis untuk pembangunan keefektif dan efisien. Yang nantinya akan mempengaruhi
respon tinggi terhadap perubahan kondisi bisnis. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterkaitan antara pemodelan
proses bisnis dengan tahapan analisa dan desain pembuatan sistem informasi
adalah</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> untuk mempermudah jalanya proses bisnis yang akan
dilaksanakan sesuai tujuan. Ini juga merupakan langkah-langkah dalam merancang
bisnisnya, sehingga orang-orang yang ada diorganisasi harus mengatahui alur
sistem dan mengetahui urutanya proses bisnis untuk menghasilkan bisnis sesuai
tujuan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sebagai
contohnya bisnis di toko sepatu. Jika proses berbisnis dan tahap-tahapanya
pelaksanaan bisnis tidak bejalan lancar, maka akan mengalami kebangkrutan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proses_bisnis"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http://manajemenbisnisku.blogspot.com/2010/05/manfaat-pengelolaan-proses-bisnis-yang.html</span></u></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proses_bisnis</span></a><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<a href="http://www.merizahendri.com/2013/05/mengelola-proses-bisnis-kita.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">http://www.merizahendri.com/2013/05/mengelola-proses-bisnis-kita.html</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://synszack.student.umm.ac.id/2010/07/08/manajemen-siklus-hidup-proses-bisnis-business-process-lifecycle-management/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://synszack.student.umm.ac.id/2010/07/08/manajemen-siklus-hidup-proses-bisnis-business-process-lifecycle-management/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://newcolosal.blogspot.com/2009/06/definisi-proses-bisnis.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://newcolosal.blogspot.com/2009/06/definisi-proses-bisnis.html</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_nirlaba">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_nirlaba</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com43tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-1419645688525473422013-02-28T20:18:00.001-08:002013-02-28T20:18:11.737-08:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TUGAS
6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SISTEM
BASIS DATA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">WENTI MEI ANDRIYANI (672012136)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TYAS KRISTIYANA (682012063)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AGUSTINA YANSIP (702011149)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FAKULTAS
TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">UNIVERSITAS
KRISTEN SATYA WACANA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2013<br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
I</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Latar Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu,
pemrosesan file secara manual ditinggalkan karena berkembangnya sistem
pemrosesan dengan pendekatan basis data. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis data bertujuan untuk mengatur data sehingga diperoleh kemudahan,
ketepatan, dan kecepatan dalam mengambil data kembali</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Batasan Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengertian ERD</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Manfaat ERD</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tahapan perancangan ERD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis-jenis relasional</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Proses table mapingi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Contoh penerapan ERD</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Maksud dan Tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maksud dari penyusunan tugas ini adalah untuk
memenuhi dan melengkapi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Sistem Basis Data di
Universias Kristen Satya Wacana. Sedangkan tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini
adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan tentang entitas, record atau tuple,
field atau atribut, dan relasi.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Metode Pengumpulan Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk memperoleh data yang diperlukan dalam
penyusunan tugas ini, penulis menggunakan Metode observasi, yaitu dengan
membaca buku atau <i>browsing</i> mencari
referensi-referensi yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang dibahas dalam tugas ini.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<b><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;">ERD<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ERD (Entity Relationship
Diagram) adalah merupakan salah satu model yang digunakan untuk mendesain
database dengan tujuan menggambarkan data yang berelasi pada sebuah database.
Manfaat dari ERD digunakan untuk mengkonstruksikan model data konseptual,
memodelkan struktur data dan hubungan antar data dan mengimplementasikan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>basis data<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>secara logika maupun secara fisik
dengan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBMS" title="DBMS"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">DBMS</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(<i>Database Management system</i>). Dengan diagram hubungan
entitas ini kita dapat menguji model dengan mengabaikan proses yang harus
dilakukan. Diagram hubungan entitas dapat membantu dalam menjawab persoalan
tentang data yang diperlukan dan bagaimana data tersebut saling berhubungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tahapan
dalam perancangan ERD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan entitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan peran kejadian, hal nyata dan
konsep dimana penggunaan untuk penyimpanan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan relasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan hubungan antar pasangan
entitas menggunakan matriks relasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar ERD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Entitas digambar dengan kotak dan relasi
digambar dengan garis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Isi kardinalitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan jumlah kejadian satu entitas
untuk sebuah kejadian pada entitas yang berhubungan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tentukan kunci
utama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan atribut yang
mengidentifikasikan satu dan hanya satu kejadian masing-masing entitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar ERD
berdasarkan kunci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menghilangkan relasi many to many dan
masukan primary dan kunci tamu pada masing-masing entitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan atribut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menentukan field-field yang diperlukan
sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemetaan atribut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Memasangkan atribut dengan entitas yang
sesuai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar ERD dengan
atrubut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengatur ERD dari langkah 6 dengan
menambah entitas atau relasi yang ditentukan langkah 8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Periksa hasil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apakah ERD sudah menggambarkan sistem
yang akan digunakan?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-transform: uppercase;">Jenis-Jenis
Relasional <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Unary<b> </b>Relationship </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> satu buah relationship menghubungkan satu buah entity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJbldqjTCsU8AI8hMIPkILkOnLefVpwqdqcvenDFT7AmmKXmfcw3u6_M682mZ3m1k47aH0H2pv9qVy6OwnOvYEWu5BY1PAbAO2kdeIdrsdixiPYoWszwJtQ1DNkSd-cZX7vOZ7titwfM4/s1600/1.PNG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="73" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJbldqjTCsU8AI8hMIPkILkOnLefVpwqdqcvenDFT7AmmKXmfcw3u6_M682mZ3m1k47aH0H2pv9qVy6OwnOvYEWu5BY1PAbAO2kdeIdrsdixiPYoWszwJtQ1DNkSd-cZX7vOZ7titwfM4/s1600/1.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />Contoh
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterangan
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Manusia
menikah dengan manusia, relationship menikah hanya menghubungkan entity
manusia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Binary Relationship </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> satu buah relationship
yang menghubungkan dua buah entity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpsGvvmvDp-rU7sJcshZ1DPyBs1RDFOgTzgS2NiN9x0Gj3iYqJfw8_1Y5ufQWNdwm5uug2oM0HoW9CoSYmVzucaKpszzCwXSZ7jcmT9aRsbaTxSoZ9IoG-2mppmrp89T2aVoVkuTvRk4Q/s1600/2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="50" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpsGvvmvDp-rU7sJcshZ1DPyBs1RDFOgTzgS2NiN9x0Gj3iYqJfw8_1Y5ufQWNdwm5uug2oM0HoW9CoSYmVzucaKpszzCwXSZ7jcmT9aRsbaTxSoZ9IoG-2mppmrp89T2aVoVkuTvRk4Q/s320/2.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterangan
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pegawai
memiliki kendaraan, sebuah relationship memiliki mengubungkan entity Pegawai
dan entity Kendaraan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ternary Relationship </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> satu buah relationship menghubungkan tiga buah entity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />Contoh
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keterangan
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pegawai
pada kota tertentu mempunyai suatu Proyek. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Entity
Bekerja mengubungkan Entity Pegawai, Proyek dan Kota<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CARDINALITY<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Cardinality
</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> menjelaskan
batasan jumlah relasi suatu entity dengan entity yang lainnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis –jenis Cardinality :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Satu ke Satu (One to One)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap
entitas pada himpunan entitas A berhubungan dengan paling banyak satu entitas
pada himpunan entitas B, dan begitu sebaliknya setiap entitas pada himpunan B
berhubungan dengan paling banyak satu entitas pada himpunan entitas A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCrJlGWxtOnj6Ze_SLj-zFtEUgVDJjQ104N3G_jqiCLRhb8oD2ktYP95yIhbxQ3EMyqjIxNf5VM34PLUlOPOjnbhJQD4MMs6zaBz8XC392jF54fDaox8twZQRlRs4kW3d8Wk2ajBm6T5M/s1600/5.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="44" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCrJlGWxtOnj6Ze_SLj-zFtEUgVDJjQ104N3G_jqiCLRhb8oD2ktYP95yIhbxQ3EMyqjIxNf5VM34PLUlOPOjnbhJQD4MMs6zaBz8XC392jF54fDaox8twZQRlRs4kW3d8Wk2ajBm6T5M/s320/5.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Seorang supir ditugaskan hanya dapat mengendarai
satu mobil saja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Satu ke Banyak (One to Many)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap
entitas pada himpunan entitas A dapat berhubungan dengan banyak entitas pada
himpunan entitas B, dan tidak sebaliknya dimana setiap entitas pada himpunan
entitas B berhubungan dengan paling banyak satu entitas pada himpunan entitas
A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHsJuV6PGylM3dWyQZk5PGeipc_2WESAlG3ncusMN3NNTCftWOjGVZuoW7L18b7xA_chwyD-a-wVw11-ln93y1__vguwE65uqbxlh7RwA80sCwVF91Gt5dgt1arPwyITeZKMcJva1Uzs0/s1600/6.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="44" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHsJuV6PGylM3dWyQZk5PGeipc_2WESAlG3ncusMN3NNTCftWOjGVZuoW7L18b7xA_chwyD-a-wVw11-ln93y1__vguwE65uqbxlh7RwA80sCwVF91Gt5dgt1arPwyITeZKMcJva1Uzs0/s320/6.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebuah
kelas berisi banyak siswa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Banyak ke Satu (Many to One)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap
entitas pada himpunan entitas A berhubungan dengan paling banyak satu entitas
pada himpunan entitas B, dan tidak sebaliknya dimana setiap entitas pada
himpunan entitas B dapat berhubungan dengan banyak entitas pada himpunan
entitas A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7oC9fYpYMNDY2nKhuXi5oksS33QrDR92r-cMHfAcIesQxGne11u9dzx-wKayBOi-nVj_WHnIbIhBFgingIJMvTrGeKgQ3TJKkisq4Kgbaf38UVstHoHxetWqlSVMMAFqpArIMIfYWb-0/s1600/7.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="53" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7oC9fYpYMNDY2nKhuXi5oksS33QrDR92r-cMHfAcIesQxGne11u9dzx-wKayBOi-nVj_WHnIbIhBFgingIJMvTrGeKgQ3TJKkisq4Kgbaf38UVstHoHxetWqlSVMMAFqpArIMIfYWb-0/s320/7.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Seorang
siswa/mahasiswa berkuliah hanya mengambil satu jurusan saja. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Banyak ke Banyak (Many to Many)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap
entitas pada himpunan entitas A dapat berhubungan dengan banyak entitas pada
himpunan entitas B, dan sebaliknya dimana setiap entitas pada himpunan entitas
B dapat berhubungan dengan banyak entitas pada himpunan entitas A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5i6-_HLDHasX19C0LBh1QOz3rgMG4xC-oAqyg8czhrYpPBz0czUpC30oUkdgB6_DLJRt4Ix_Xz_R-D0kH53LaaVP_FAJMpOwuH83wPlTJzSfbPYHFC67LIabz5z_SV00fwt6AkXj9AmE/s1600/8.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="42" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5i6-_HLDHasX19C0LBh1QOz3rgMG4xC-oAqyg8czhrYpPBz0czUpC30oUkdgB6_DLJRt4Ix_Xz_R-D0kH53LaaVP_FAJMpOwuH83wPlTJzSfbPYHFC67LIabz5z_SV00fwt6AkXj9AmE/s320/8.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 150%;">Contoh :</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Contoh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebuah perusahaan mempunyai beberapa bagian.
Masing-masing bagian mempunyai pengawas dan setidaknya satu pegawai. Pegawai
ditugaskan paling tidak di satu bagian (dapat pula dibeberapa bagian). Paling
tidak satu pegawai mendapat tugas di satu proyek. Tetapi seorang pegawai dapat
libur dan tidak dapat tugas di proyek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Menentukan Entitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Entitas
: pegawai, Pengawas, bagian, proyek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar ERD
sementara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIMyLSG2oTkmC9i8MY4N3rIP26Lbv2I1bb5Zz1jBNG3SNp70pnbBj5EOYPk1FuVrUv563tikk9pOv_jkVh3dmpKhGjj2UpBYVDrf2prLDGFyK-cnhIO3tIv6kmQD0eYKY3CEz6SJvNc6s/s1600/9.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIMyLSG2oTkmC9i8MY4N3rIP26Lbv2I1bb5Zz1jBNG3SNp70pnbBj5EOYPk1FuVrUv563tikk9pOv_jkVh3dmpKhGjj2UpBYVDrf2prLDGFyK-cnhIO3tIv6kmQD0eYKY3CEz6SJvNc6s/s320/9.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengisi
kardinalitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="background: white; color: #373737; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt;">Dari gambaran permasalahan dapat diketahui bahwa:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 82.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background: white; color: #373737; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt;">Masing-masing bagian hanya
punya satu pengawas</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 82.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background: white; color: #373737; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt;">Seorang pengawas bertugas
di satu bagian</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 82.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background: white; color: #373737; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt;">Masing-masing bagian ada
minimal satu pegawai</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background: white; color: #373737; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt;">Masing-masing pegawai
bekerja paling tidak di satu bagian</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 82.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background: white; color: #373737; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt;">Masing-masing proyek
dikerjakan paling tidak oleh satu pegawai</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Menentukan kunci
utama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kunci utama:
nomor pengawas, nama bagian, nomor pegawai, nomor proyek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxymdynwcAgUftB6JG-L_JLfEQWOJE-5fhHls8DBtOettHM5gvQH03OGf-28WxekeyJq7Rh2SfoS2bTlCkKDqVswgPl3YWi-GVQin5QMCBdvcdPzAWB1sCUurGtITKfOl0PF8gpHLBMyM/s1600/11.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxymdynwcAgUftB6JG-L_JLfEQWOJE-5fhHls8DBtOettHM5gvQH03OGf-28WxekeyJq7Rh2SfoS2bTlCkKDqVswgPl3YWi-GVQin5QMCBdvcdPzAWB1sCUurGtITKfOl0PF8gpHLBMyM/s320/11.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Menggambar ERD
berdasarkan kunci <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ada dua
relasi many to many pada ERD sementara, yaitu antara bagian dengan pegawai,
pegawai dengan proyek, oleh sebab itu kita buat entitas baru yaitu bagian-pegawai,
dan pegawai-proyek. Kunci utama dari entitas baru adalah kunci utama dari
entitas lain yang akan menjadi kunci tamu di entitas yang baru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSpUQ9xWy25qvaZEZpQlNfRC6QxAYRuaofVfoI7Y2t2JIVg7Oh4x5a3lAm16rW7qSzik39aC8jg9ViIPGxFQbUJL3xf7QgcWyoTQqQdf6_yeNEuQrhQsZ4cUZanf8mQGEGAAnMOwU4_LA/s1600/14.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSpUQ9xWy25qvaZEZpQlNfRC6QxAYRuaofVfoI7Y2t2JIVg7Oh4x5a3lAm16rW7qSzik39aC8jg9ViIPGxFQbUJL3xf7QgcWyoTQqQdf6_yeNEuQrhQsZ4cUZanf8mQGEGAAnMOwU4_LA/s320/14.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Menentukan atribut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Atribut
yang diperlukan adalah : </span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #373737; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #373737; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt;">nama bagian, nama proyek, nama pegawai, nama pengawas, nomor proyek, nomor
pegawai, nomor pengawas</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Memetakan atribut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 82.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bagian: Nama bagian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Proyek: nomor
proyek, nama proyek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 82.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pegawai: Nomor
pegawai, Nama pegawai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 82.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengawas: nomor
pengawas, nama pengawas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 82.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Proyek-pegawai:
Nomor proyek, nomor pegawai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Menggambar ERD
dengan atribut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSpUQ9xWy25qvaZEZpQlNfRC6QxAYRuaofVfoI7Y2t2JIVg7Oh4x5a3lAm16rW7qSzik39aC8jg9ViIPGxFQbUJL3xf7QgcWyoTQqQdf6_yeNEuQrhQsZ4cUZanf8mQGEGAAnMOwU4_LA/s1600/14.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSpUQ9xWy25qvaZEZpQlNfRC6QxAYRuaofVfoI7Y2t2JIVg7Oh4x5a3lAm16rW7qSzik39aC8jg9ViIPGxFQbUJL3xf7QgcWyoTQqQdf6_yeNEuQrhQsZ4cUZanf8mQGEGAAnMOwU4_LA/s320/14.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Periksa apakah
masih terdapat redundansi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Daftar Pustaka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Fairul El Said. 2010. <i>Sistem Basis Data – Entity Relational
Diagram (ERD)</i>. http://fairuzelsaid.wordpress.com/2010/03/16/sistem-basis-data-entity-relationship-diagram-erd/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Harsiti. 2009. <i>Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)</i>. <u>http://harsiti09.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/v-entity-relatinal-diagram.doc</u></span><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com27tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-86570036199999203182013-02-25T19:23:00.001-08:002013-02-25T19:23:12.819-08:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Contoh Normalisasi Data</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com417tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-25201642747070578482013-02-14T02:48:00.005-08:002013-02-14T02:48:32.842-08:00<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TUGAS
1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SISTEM
BASIS DATA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">OLEH :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">KELOMPOK 4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">DAVID INDRA (672009704)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">ADINDA SETYA OKTAMI (
672012099 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">YOSEPHIN DWI TATALIA (
672012123 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">WENTI MEI ANDRIYANI (
672012136 )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">TYAS KRISTIYANA (682012063)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FAKULTAS
TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">UNIVERSITAS
KRISTEN SATYA WACANA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2012
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut O’Brien (2005, p38), data merupakan fakta atau
observasi mentah, yang biasanya mengenai fenomena fisik atau transaksi bisnis.
Lebih rincinya, data adalah pengukuran objectif dari atribut (karakteristik)
dan entitas (seperti manusia, tempat, barang dan kejadian). Menurut Widayan
(2005, p12), data merupakan fakta-fakta mentah, antara lain berupa, angka yang
disajikan tanpa suatu konteks. Dari pendapa para ahli diatas, maka dapat
disimpulkan bahwa yang data merupakan sekumpulan fakta yang data merupakan
bentuk yangmasih mentah yang belum dapat cerita banyak sehingga perlu diolah
lebih lanjut serta tidak bagi pemakai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
data menurut Webster New World Dictionary. Data berarti sesuatu yang diketahui
atau dianggap. Diketahui yang sudah terjadi meripakan fakgta (bukti). Data
dapat memberikan gambaran tentang suatau keadaan atau persoalan. Data juga
didefinisikan sekumpulan informasi atau nilai yang diperoleh dari pengamatan
(observasi) suatu objek, data dapat berupa angka dan dapat pula merupakan
lembaga atau sifat. Pada dasarnya kegunaan data ialah sebagai dasar yang
objektif di dalam proses pembuatan keputusan-keputusan dalam rangka untuk
memecahkan persoalan oleh pengambilan keputusan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<em><b><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
data</span></b></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah kumpulan kejadian
yang diangkat dari suatu kenyataan (fakta), dapat berupa angka-angka, huruf,
simbol-simbol khusus, atau gabungan dari ketiganya. Data belum dapat
“bercerita” banyak sehingga data masih perlu diolah.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis dan tipe data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ada beberapa jenis
data yang dibutuhkan dalam suatu penelitian dilihat dari berbagai sudut
pandang.</span><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cara Memperoleh<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dilihat dari cara memperolehnya, kita mengenal data primer dan data
sekunder.</span><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Data primer adalah data
yang diperoleh dari sumber aslinya. Atau dapat dikatakan data yang diperoleh
secara langsung di lapangan dari sumber pertama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Data sekunder adalah
data yang diperoleh bukan dari sumber asli atau sumber pertama. Atau dengan
kata lain hasil dari pengumpulan data oleh pihak lain. Data sekunder ini dapat
diperoleh dari majalah, jurnal-jurnal ilmiah, skripsi, tesis, disertasi,
laporan penelitian terdahulu, surat kabar, internet, dan media lainnya.</span><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sumber</span></b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menurut sumbernya, kita dapat mengklasifikasikan data
atas data internal dan data eksternal.</span><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Data internal adalah
data yang menggambarkan keadaan di dalam suatu organisasi. </span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Misal : data keuangan, data pegawai, data
produksi, dsb.</span><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Data eksternal adalah
data yang menggambarkan sesuatu di luar organisasi. </span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Contohnya adalah data jumlah penggunaan suatu
produk pada konsumen, tingkat preferensi pelanggan, persebaran penduduk, dan
lain sebagainya.</span><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sifat</span></b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian jenis data berdasarkan sifat data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Data
Diskrit adalah data yang nilainya adalah bilangan asli. Contohnya adalah berat
badan ibu-ibu pkk sumber ayu, nilai rupiah dari waktu ke waktu, dan
lain-sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Data
Kontinyu adalah data yang nilainya ada pada suatu interval tertentu atau berada
pada nilai yang satu ke nilai yang lainnya. Contohnya penggunaan kata sekitar, kurang
lebih, kira-kira, dan sebagainya. Dinas pertanian daerah mengimpor bahan baku
pabrik pupuk kurang lebih 850 ton.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Interpretasi</span></b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berdasarkan interpretasi atau penafsirannya, kita
mengenal data faktual dan data nonfaktual.</span><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Data faktual adalah
data yang diperoleh dari subjek berdasarkan anggapan bahwa memang subjeklah
yang lebih mengetahui keadaan sebenarnya dan peneliti berasumsi bahwa informasi
yang diberikan oleh subjek adalah benar. </span><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Data nonfaktual adalah
data mengenai subjek penelitian yang perlu digali secara tidak langsung melalui
cara-cara pengukuran, karena subjek biasanya tidak mengetahui faktanya.</span><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Waktu</span></b><span style="color: #414134; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <b>Pengumpulan</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 71.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Data
Cross Section adalah data yang menunjukkan titik waktu tertentu. Contohnya
laporan keuangan per 31 Desember 2006, data pelanggan PT. angin ribut bulan mei
2004, dan lain sebagainya. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 71.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Data
Time Series / Berkala adalah data yang datanya menggambarkan sesuatu dari waktu
ke waktu atau periode secara historis. Contoh data time series adalah data
perkembangan nilai tukar dolar Amerika terhadap Euro Eropa dari tahun 2004
sampai 2006, jumlah pengikut jamaah Nurdin m. top dan doktor azahari dari bulan
ke bulan, dll.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CARA MENGUMPULKAN DATA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengumpulkan data dilakukan dengan metode-metode
atau teknik-teknik sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Observasi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Observasi atau pengamatan melibatkan semua indera
penglihatan, penciuman, <br />
pendengaran,pembau dan perasa. Observasi itu digunakan untuk mengumpulkan
informasi yang didapat baik dari buku maupun pengalaman. Observasi merupakan
suatu metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan oleh peneliti untuk mencatat
kejadian atau peristiwa dengan menyaksikannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wawancara</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wawancara merupakan salah satu
metode pengumpulan data untuk memperoleh data dan informasi dari narasumber
secara lisan. Proses wawancara dilakukan dengan cara tatap muka secara langsung
dengan narasumber. Dalam proses wawancara interviewer mengajukan pertanyaan,
baik dengan meminta penjelasan dan jawaban dari pertanyaan yang diberikan dan
membuat catatan mengenai hal-hal yang diungkapkan kepadanya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> merupakan metode penelitian yang
harus dijawab responden untuk menyatakan pandangannya terhadap suatu persoalan.
Sebaiknya pertanyaan dibuat dengan bahasa sederhana yang mudah dimengerti dan
kalimat-kalimat pendek dengan maksud yang jelas. Metode kuesioner dan angket sering disebut dengan metode survei.
Metode survei merupakan metode pengumpulan data yang mengunakan kuesioner dan
wawancara untuk mendapatkan tanggapan dari responden yang disampel.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner dapat dibagi menjadi
empat, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner tertutup</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setiap pertanyaan telah disertai
sejumlah pilihan jawaban. Responden hanya memilih jawaban yang paling sesuai.
Dalam kuesioner ini jawaban sudah disediakan oleh peneliti, sehingga responden
tinggal memilih saja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner terbuka</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dimana tidak terdapat pilihan
jawaban sehingga responden haru memformulasikan jawabannya sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner kombinasi terbuka dan
tertutup</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dimana pertanyaan tertutup kemudian
disusul dengan pertanyaan terbuka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kuesioner semi terbuka</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pertanyaan yang jawabannya telah
tersusun rapi, tetapi masih ada kemungkinan tambahan jawaban.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teknik Sampling<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teknik sampling adalah teknik pengambilan sampel yang
digunakan dalam suatu penelitian. Sampel (contoh) merupakan sebagian anggota
populasi yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik tertentu yang disebut dengan
teknik sampling. Teknik sampling berguna agar:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mereduksi anggota populasi menjadi
anggotas sampel yang mewakili populasinya (representatif), sehingga kesimpulan
dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lebih teliti menghitung yang sedikit
daripada yang banyak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menghemat waktu, tenaga dan biaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berikut
ini merupakan pengertian-pengertian informasi menurut para ahli.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Raymond Mc.leod <b> </b>Informasi adalah
data yang telah diolah menjadi bentuk yang memiliki arti bagi si penerima dan
bermanfaat bagi pengambilan keputusan saat ini atau mendatang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Tata Sutabri, S.Kom., MM adalah data yang telah
diklasifikasikan atau diolah atau diinterpretasikan untuk digunakan dalam
proses pengambilan keputusan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Jogiyanto HM., (1999: 692), “Informasi dapat
didefinisikan sebagai hasil dari pengolahan data dalam suatu bentuk yang lebih
berguna dan lebih berarti bagi penerimanya yang menggambarkan suatu kejadian –
kejadian (event) yang nyata (fact) yang digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Abdul Kadir (2002: 31); McFadden dkk (1999)
mendefinisikan informasi sebagai data yang telah diproses sedemikian rupa
sehingga meningkatkan pengetahuan seseorang yang menggunakan data tersebut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut George H. Bodnar, (2000: 1), “Informasi adalah data
yang diolah sehingga dapat dijadikan dasar untuk mengambil keputusan yang
tepat”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Lani Sidharta (1995: 28), “Informasi adalah data
yang disajikan dalam bentuk yang berguna untuk membuat keputusan”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Anton M. Meliono (1990: 331), “Informasi adalah data
yang telah diproses untuk suatu tujuan tertentu. Tujuan tersebut adalah untuk
menghasilkan sebuah keputusan”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Gordon B. Davis (1991: 28), “Informasi adalah data
yang telah diolah menjadi sebuah bentuk yang berarti bagi penerimanya dan
bermanfaat bagi pengambilan keputusan saat ini atau mendatang”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dan Informasi adalah hasil pemrosesan, manipulasi dan
pengorganisasian/penataan dari sekelompok data yang mempunyai nilai pengetahuan
(knowledge) bagi penggunanya (Wikipedia - Indonesia).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari
pengertian-pengertian di atas adapa disimpulkan bahwa <b>Informasi adalah hasil dari kegiatan pengolahan data yang dikumpulkan
menjadi suatu bentuk dengan teknik atau metode tertentu yang berguna untuk
mengambil keputusan yang tepat. <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Perbedaan Data dan
Informasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><u><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Wingdings 2";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
kamus bahasa Inggris-Indonesia, data berasal dari kata <i>“datum”</i> yang berarti fakta atau bahan-bahan keterangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Wingdings 2";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari
sudut pandang bisnis: “<i>Business data is an organization's description of
things (resources) and events (transactions) that it faces”</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Jadi
data merupakan deskripsi tentang
sesuatu (<i>resources)</i>dan kejadian<i>(transactions)</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Wingdings 2";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gordon
B. Davis dalam <i>Management Informations System : Conceptual Foundations,
Structures, and Development </i>menyebut data sebagai bahan mentah dari informasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Informasi<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Wingdings 2";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
Gordon B. Davis: informasi sebagai
data yang telah diolah menjadi bentuk
yang berguna bagi penerimanya dan nyata. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Wingdings 2";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MenurutBarry E. Cushing : informasi merupakan
sesuatu yang menunjukkan hasil pengolahan data yang diorganisasi dan berguna kepada orang yang menerimanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Wingdings 2"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Wingdings 2";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
Stephen A. Moscove : informasi sebagai kenyataan atau bentuk-bentuk yang
berguna yang dapat digunakan untuk pengambilan
keputusan bisnis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jadi perbedaan antara Data dan
Informasi yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data
: bahan baku informasi,
didefinisikan sebagai kelompok simbol-simbol yang mewakili fakta, kejadian,
tindakan, benda, dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Informasi
: hasil dari pengolahan data menjadi
bentuk yang lebih berguna bagi
yang menerimanya dan dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu untuk pengambilan suatu keputusan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">asis data<b> </b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">(</span></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">database</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">)
adalah kumpulan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="background: white;">informasi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang disimpan
di dalam<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>komputer<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>secara sistematik sehingga dapat diperiksa menggunakan
suatu<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>program komputer<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>untuk memperoleh informasi dari basis data tersebut. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut beberapa ahli :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
Gordon C. Everest</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : Database adalah koleksi atau kumpulan
data yang mekanis, terbagi/shared, terdefinisi secara formal dan dikontrol
terpusat pada organisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
C.J. Date</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : Database adalah koleksi “data operasional” yang
tersimpan dan dipakai oleh sistem aplikasi dari suatu organisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-
Data input adalah data yang masuk dari luar sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-
Data output adalah data yang dihasilkan sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-
Data operasional adalah data yang tersimpan pada sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
Toni Fabbri</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Database
adalah sebuah sistem file-file yang terintegrasi yang mempunyai minimal primary
key untuk pengulangan data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
S. Attre</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Database
adalah koleksi data-data yang saling berhubungan mengenai suatu organisasi /
enterprise dengan macam-macam pemakaiannya.<br />
Jadi SISTEM DATABASE adalah sistem penyimpanan data memakai komputer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Jenis-jenis
Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis-Jenis
Basis Data Menurut William dan Sawyer, 2000 :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
pengaksesannya, basis data dibedakan menjadi 4 jenis, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis
Data Individual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis data individual adalah
basis data yang digunakan oleh
perseorangan. Biasanya banyak dijumpai di lingkungan Perangkat Komputer.
Seperti Visual dBASE, Corel Paradox, dan Filemaker Pro merupakan contoh
perangkat lunak yang biasa digunakan untuk mengelola basis data untuk
kepentingan pribadi. Contoh lainnya yaitu daftar belanja bulanan, data telpon
dirancang oleh perseorangan, dengan software seperti dBase, MS-Access.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis
Data Perusahaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis data perusahaan
adalah basis data yang dapat
diakses oleh sejumlah pegawai dalam sebuah perusahaan dalam sebuah lokasi.
Basis data seperti ini disimpan dalam sebuah server dan para pemakai dapat
mengakses dari masing-masing komputer yang berkedudukan sebagai <i>client</i>.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis
Data Terdistribusi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis data terdistribusi
adalah basis data yang
disimpan pada sejumlah komputer yang terletak pada beberapa lokasi. Basis data
seperti ini banyak digunakan di bank yang memiliki sejumlah cabang di berbagai
kota dan melayani transaksi perbankan yang bersifat <i>online</i>.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis
Data Publik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis data publik
adalah basis data yang dapat
diakses oleh siapa saja (publik). Sebagai contoh, banyak situs web (misalnya
yahoo.com dan google.com) yang menyediakan data yang bersifat publik dan dapat
diambil siapa saja secara gratis. Namun terkadang seseorang harus menjadi
anggota dan membayar iuran untuk memperoleh data publik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tiga basis data terakhir dirancang oleh Administrator Data (DA) dan
dikelola oleh spesialis yang disebut dengan Administrator Database (DBA).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Elemen-Elemen
Penyusun Basis Data</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Entitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Entitas adalah sekumpulan
objek yang terdefinisikan yang mempunyai karakteristik sama dan bisa dibedakan
satu dengan lainnya. Objek dapat berupa barang, orang, tempat, suatu kejadian
atau konsep yang informasinya direkam.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh entitas : Seseorang yang menjadi siswa di
sebuah sekolah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">contoh lainya : barang yang menjadi inventaris
suatu perusahaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">siswa merupakan entitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">barang juga di sebut entitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Atribut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Atribut adalah
deskripsi data yang bisa mengidentifikasi entitas yang membedakan entitas
tersebut dengan entitas yang lain. Seluruh atribut harus cukup untuk menyatakan
identitas obyek, atau dengan kata lain, kumpulan atribut dari setiap entitas
dapat mengidentifikasi keunikan suatu individu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">siswa
memiliki atribut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">no siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">alamat siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">barang
memiliki atribut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">no barang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">harga barang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data
Value (Nilai Data)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Data Value (Nilai
Data) : Data Value adalah data aktual atau informasi yang disimpan pada
tiap data, elemen, atau atribut. Atribut nama pegawai menunjukkan tempat di mana
informasi nama karyawan disimpan, nilai datanya misalnya adalah Anjang, Arif,
Suryo, dan lain-lain yang merupakan isi data nama pegawai tersebut.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">File
atau Tabel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">File/Tabel :
Kumpulan record sejenis yang mempunyai panjang elemen yang sama, atribut yang
sama, namun berbeda nilai datanya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Record
atau Tuple<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Record/Tuple :
Kumpulan elemen-elemen yang saling berkaitan menginformasikan tentang suatu
entitas secara lengkap. Satu record mewakili satu data atau informasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Manfaat dan
tujuan basis data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis
data bertujuan untuk mengatur data sehingga diperoleh kemudahan, ketepatan, dan
kecepatan dalam mengambil data kembali. Manfaat basis data di antaranya adalah:
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kecepatan
dan kemudahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan
menggunakan basis data pengambilan informasi dapat dilakukan dengan cepat dan
mudah. Basis data memiliki kemampuan dalam mengelompokkan, mengurutkan bahkan
perhitungan dengan matematika. Dengan perancangan yang benar, maka penyajian
informasi akan dapat dilakukan dengan cepat dan mudah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kebersamaan
pemakaian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebuah
basis data dapat digunakan oleh banyak user dan aplikasi. Untuk data yang
diperlukan oleh banyak orang/bagian, tidak perlu dilakukan pencatatan di
masing-masing bagian, tetapi cukup dengan satu basis data untuk dipakai
bersama. Misalkan data mahasiswa dalam suatu perguruan tinggi dibutuhkan oleh
banyak bagian, di antaranya: bagian akademik bagian keuangan, perpustakaan dsb.
Tidak harus semua bagian memiliki catatan data mahasiswa. Data cukup disediakan
oleh sebuah basis data dan semua bagian dapat mengakses data tersebut sesuai
keperluannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keakuratan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penerapan
secara ketat aturan tipe data, domain data, keunikan data, hubungan antar data
dll, dapat menekan kesalahan dalam memasukan data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keamanan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kebanyakan
DBMS dilengkapi dengan fasilitas manajemen pengguna. Pengguna diberikan hak
akses yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan kepentingan dan posisinya. Basis data
dapat diberikan password untuk membatasi orang mengaksesnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Penerapan basis
data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data
mahasiswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika
kita di sebuah universitas, maka akan ada suatu sistem database yang berisi
informasi tentang mahasiswa, matakuliah yang diambil pada semester itu, detil
tentang biaya kuliah, rincian dari semua hasil nilai kuliah.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Super
Market<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
waktu melakukan transaksi di supermarket, saat itu sedang terjadi proses
database. Kasir menggunakan pembaca kode bar untuk membaca setiap barang yang
dibeli. Data barang ini lalu dihubungkan ke suatu program aplikasi yang
menggunakan kode bar untuk menemukan harga barang berdasarkan suatu database
produk. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daftar
kontak pada handphone<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bank<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
sebuah bank akan ada sistem database yang berisi informasi nomor rekening
nasabah, informasi nasabah, transaksi, saldo dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perpustakaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
perpustakaan mempunyai database yang berisi rincian buku, rincian peminjam,
data pengunjung. Terdapat index yang terkomputerisasi, sehingga pembaca dapat
menemukan sebuah buku berdasar pada judul atau pengarang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Daftar Pustaka<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Riyanto. 2011. <i>Jenis
Basis Data(Database). </i> </span><a href="http://blog.re.or.id/jenis-basis-data-database.htm"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://blog.re.or.id/jenis-basis-data-database.htm</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Diakses
pada 17 Januari 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ariezer. 2012. <i>3
Pengertian Abstraksi Data, Jenis Basis Data, Bahasa Basis Data. </i></span><a href="http://ariezer-pemimpi.blogspot.com/2012/01/abstraksi-data-jenis-basis-data-bahasa.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://ariezer-pemimpi.blogspot.com/2012/01/abstraksi-data-jenis-basis-data-bahasa.html</span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Diakses
pada 17 Januari 2013 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asrony Faslah. 2011. <i>Basis Data. </i></span><a href="http://edukasi.kompasiana.com/2011/03/18/basis-data/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://edukasi.kompasiana.com/2011/03/18/basis-data/</span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Diakses
pada 17 Januari 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maulana
Jayadi. 2011.</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Beberapa Cara Metode Pengumpulan Data.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://maulanajayadi24hikaru.blogspot.com/2011/03/beberapa-cara-metode-pengumpulan-data.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://maulanajayadi24hikaru.blogspot.com/2011/03/beberapa-cara-metode-pengumpulan-data.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Diakses pada 17 Januari 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Joni Kriswanto. 2008. <i>Metode Pengumpulan Data. </i></span><a href="http://jonikriswanto.blogspot.com/2008/11/metode-pengumpulan-data.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://jonikriswanto.blogspot.com/2008/11/metode-pengumpulan-data.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Diakses pada 17 januari 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<cite><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Informasi. </span></cite><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_informasi"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_informasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Diakses pada 17 Januari 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tata Sutabri, </span><a href="http://www.sarjanaku.com/2012/11/pengertian-sistem-operasi-komputer.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem</span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i><a href="http://www.sarjanaku.com/2010/01/makalah-administrasi-pendidikan-dan.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Informasi</span></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Manajemen</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
2005, Yogyakarta, Andi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Budi Sutedjo Dharma Oetomo. 2002.<i> Perancangan & Pengembangan </i>Sistem<i> </i>Informasi, Yogyakarta,
Andi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mcleod, Raymond, 2001, <i>Sistem Informasi Manajemen</i>, Jakarta, PT.
Prenhallindo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jogiyanto HM., <i>Analisis
dan Disain Informasi: Pendekatan Terstruktur Teori dan Praktek Aplikasi Bisnis</i>,
Andi Offset, Yogyakarta: 1999<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abdul Kadir, <i>Pengenalan
Sistem Informasi</i><u>,</u> Penerbit Andi Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta: 2002<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">George H. Bodnar, William S. Hopwood, <i>Sistem
Informasi Akuntansi</i>, Buku Satu, Salemba Empat, Jakarta: 2000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lani Sidharta, <i>Pengantar Sistem Informasi Bisnis</i>,
P.T. ELEX Media Komputindo, Jakarta: 1995<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anton M. Meliono, <i>Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia</i>, Penerbit Balai Pustaka, Jakarta: 1990<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gordon B. Davis, <i>Kerangka
Dasar Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bagian 1</i>, PT Pustaka Binamas Pressindo,
Jakarta: 1991<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Putranto. 2010. <i>Beberapa Definisi
Tentang database. </i></span><a href="http://putrantorendhyyahoocoid.blogspot.com/2010/11/beberapa-definisi-tentang-database.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://putrantorendhyyahoocoid.blogspot.com/2010/11/beberapa-definisi-tentang-database.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink">diakses
pada 17 Januari 2013<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kusrini. 2007. <i>Strategi Perancangan dan Pengelolaan Basis
Data</i>. Yogyakarta : Penerbit Andi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com92tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-32441894163256760592013-02-13T22:05:00.003-08:002013-02-13T22:05:17.462-08:00<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TUGAS
3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SISTEM
BASIS DATA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">OLEH
:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KELOMPOK
4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DAVID INDRA (672009704)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">WENTI MEI ANDRIYANI (672012136)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AGUSTINA YANSIP (702011149)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FAKULTAS
TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">UNIVERSITAS
KRISTEN SATYA WACANA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2013<br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
I</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Latar Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu,
pemrosesan file secara manual ditinggalkan karena berkembangnya sistem
pemrosesan dengan pendekatan basis data. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis data bertujuan untuk mengatur data sehingga diperoleh kemudahan,
ketepatan, dan kecepatan dalam mengambil data kembali</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Batasan Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengertian entitas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengertian record atau tuple</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengertian field atau atribut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Elemen dalam struktur entitas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengertian relasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis relasi antar entitas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Maksud dan Tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maksud dari penyusunan tugas ini adalah untuk
memenuhi dan melengkapi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Sistem Basis Data di
Universias Kristen Satya Wacana. Sedangkan tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini
adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan tentang entitas, record atau tuple,
field atau atribut, dan relasi.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Metode Pengumpulan Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk memperoleh data yang diperlukan dalam
penyusunan tugas ini, penulis menggunakan Metode observasi, yaitu dengan
membaca buku atau <i>browsing</i> mencari
referensi-referensi yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang dibahas dalam tugas ini.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Struktur Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Entitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Entitas adalah
sekumpulan objek yang terdefinisikan yang mempunyai karakteristik sama dan bisa
dibedakan satu dengan lainnya. Objek dapat berupa barang, orang, tempat, suatu
kejadian atau konsep yang informasinya direkam.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh entitas : Seseorang yang menjadi siswa di
sebuah sekolah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">contoh lainya : barang yang menjadi inventaris
suatu perusahaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">siswa merupakan entitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">barang juga di sebut entita<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Record atau Tuple<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Record
atau tuple merupakan kumpulan elemen-elemen yang saling berkaitan
menginformasikan tentang suatu entitas secara lengkap. Satu record mewakili
satu data atau informasi.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Field atau Atribut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Atribut adalah
deskripsi data yang bisa mengidentifikasi entitas yang membedakan entitas
tersebut dengan entitas yang lain. Seluruh atribut harus cukup untuk menyatakan
identitas obyek, atau dengan kata lain, kumpulan atribut dari setiap entitas
dapat mengidentifikasi keunikan suatu individu. Contoh :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">siswa memiliki atribut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo6; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">no
siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo6; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">alamat
siswa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">barang memiliki atribut
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo6; tab-stops: list 108.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">no barang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">harga barang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Relasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Relasi adalah hubungan
antara suatu himpunan dengan himpunan entitas yang lainnya. Pada penggambaran
diagram hubungan entitas, relasi adalah perekat yang menghubungkan suatu
entitas dengan entitas lainnya. Relasi merupakan hubungan yang berarti antara
suatu entitas dengan entitas lainnya.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Jenis relasi antar entitas antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Satu ke satu (<i>One to One</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap
entitas pada himpunan entitas A berhubungan dengan paling banyak dengan satu
entitas pada himpunan entitas begitu juga sebaliknya setiap entitas pada
himpunan entitas B berhubungan dengan paling banyak dengan satu entitas pada
himpunan entitas A.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Satu ke Banyak (<i>One to Many</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap
entitas pada himpunan entitas A dapat berhubungan dengan banyak entitas pada
himpunan entitas B, tetapi tidak sebaliknya, dimana setiap entitas pada himpunan
entitas B berhubungan dengan paling banyak dengan satu entitas pada himpunan
entitas A.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Banyak ke Satu (<i>Many to One</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Setiap entitas
pada himpunan entitas A berhubungan dengan paling banyak dengan satu entitas
pada himpunan entitas B, tetapi tidak sebaliknya, di mana setiap entitas pada
himpunan entitas A berhubungan dengan paling banyak satu entitas pada himpunan
entitas B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Banyak ke Banyak (<i>Many to Many</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap
entitas pada himpunan entitas A dapat berhubungan dengan banyak entitas pada
himpunan entitas B, demikian juga
sebaliknya, di mana setiap entitas pada himpunan entitas B dapat berhubungan
dengan banyak entitas pada himpunan entitas A.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Normalisasi Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam perancangan sebuah basis
data perlu dilakukan secara cermat agar dihasilkan basis data yang kompak dan
efisien dalam penggunaan ruang penyimpanan, cepat dalam pengaksesan dan mudah
dalam manipulasi data. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan dalam merancang
basis data seperti ini adalah dengan melakukan normalisasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Normalisasi adalah proses penyusunan
tabel-tabel yang tidak redundan (dobel), yang dapat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">menyebabkan anomali pada saat terjadi operasi
manipulasi data seperti tambah, ubah dan hapus. Anomali yaitu proses basis data
yang memberikan efek samping yang tidak diharapkan (misalnya menyebabkan
ketidakkonsistenan data atau membuat sesuatu data menjadi hilang ketika data
lain dihapus.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ERD<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ERD
(Entity Relationshim Diagram) adalah merupakan salah satu model yang digunakan
untuk mendesain basis data dengan tujuan menggambarkan data yang berelasi pada basis
data. Komponen penyusun ERD adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxCNMqh9DVlV6f1EadOjiIGp2zXjpLRHY4lFVqg-ID8YTweb3fGfh_03Yw8OI8mIbI0ggNLBWOvzxlb5J5c4Z3MzRy4B52JwiPoB6pbZ_Z0ZyiNMeClDaKwOflpjdMxbXaaBd1aztfYXY/s1600/sbd+3.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxCNMqh9DVlV6f1EadOjiIGp2zXjpLRHY4lFVqg-ID8YTweb3fGfh_03Yw8OI8mIbI0ggNLBWOvzxlb5J5c4Z3MzRy4B52JwiPoB6pbZ_Z0ZyiNMeClDaKwOflpjdMxbXaaBd1aztfYXY/s320/sbd+3.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contoh
penggambaran ERD.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNY3U4R88gCRkFsmpvyqTtgR8-QK6oYoU8mSjMXm0UKBARUeEe9bkUcTNMtorIOflBQ5OrqTW5TKtqgfSQOUL7xpCZGVxghZRgUsp7pZ6bvcbqLf6ysxPtp2hcJgZbJanELg-jRsEeTXY/s1600/sbd31.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNY3U4R88gCRkFsmpvyqTtgR8-QK6oYoU8mSjMXm0UKBARUeEe9bkUcTNMtorIOflBQ5OrqTW5TKtqgfSQOUL7xpCZGVxghZRgUsp7pZ6bvcbqLf6ysxPtp2hcJgZbJanELg-jRsEeTXY/s640/sbd31.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kesimpulan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ERD (Entity Relationshim Diagram) adalah merupakan
salah satu model yang digunakan untuk mendesain basis data dengan tujuan
menggambarkan data yang berelasi pada basis data. Komponen penyusun ERD antara
lain e</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ntitas, atribut dan
relasi. Entitas adalah sekumpulan objek yang terdefinisikan yang mempunyai
karakteristik sama dan bisa dibedakan satu dengan lainnya. Atribut adalah
deskripsi data yang bisa mengidentifikasi entitas yang membedakan entitas
tersebut dengan entitas yang lain. </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Relasi adalah hubungan antara suatu himpunan dengan himpunan entitas
yang lainnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daftar
Pustaka<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Asih Winantu. 2006. <i>Materi Kuliah Sistem Basis Data 1. </i></span><a href="http://asihwinantu.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/materi-kuliah-sistem-basis-data1.doc"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">http://asihwinantu.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/materi-kuliah-sistem-basis-data1.doc</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diakses pada 25 Januari 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Wahana Komputer.
2010. <i>SQL Server 2008 Express</i>.
Yogyakarta: Andi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com90tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-25548796551775724302013-02-13T21:15:00.001-08:002013-02-13T21:15:24.895-08:00<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TUGAS
4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SISTEM
BASIS DATA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600"
o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f"
stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
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alt="Description: C:\Users\Tha\Downloads\Logo-UKSW-Warna.jpg" style='width:202.5pt;
height:199.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title="Logo-UKSW-Warna"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img alt="Description: C:\Users\Tha\Downloads\Logo-UKSW-Warna.jpg" height="266" src="file:///C:/Users/Acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1" width="270" /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">OLEH
:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KELOMPOK
4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DAVID
INDRA (672009704)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ADINDA
SETYA OKTAMI (672012099)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">YOSEPHIN
DWI TATALIA (672012123)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">WENTI
MEI ANDRIYANI (672012136)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TYAS
KRISTIYANA (682012063)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AGUSTINA
YANSIP (702011149)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FAKULTAS
TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">UNIVERSITAS
KRISTEN SATYA WACANA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2013<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Latar
Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, pemrosesan file
secara manual ditinggalkan karena berkembangnya sistem pemrosesan dengan sistem
basis data. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem basis data
bertujuan untuk mengatur data sehingga diperoleh kemudahan, ketepatan, dan
kecepatan dalam mengambil data kembali</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Batasan Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Normalisasi Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Denormalisasi
Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Boyce-Codde
method<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maksud
dan Tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maksud dari
penyusunan tugas ini adalah untuk memenuhi dan melengkapi salah satu tugas mata
kuliah Sistem Basis Data di Universias Kristen Satya Wacana. Sedangkan tujuan
dari penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan tentang
pengertian, tahapan, dan penerapan dari normalisasi data, denormalisasi data,
dan Boyce-Codde method.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metode
Pengumpulan Data</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk
memperoleh data yang diperlukan dalam penyusunan tugas ini, penulis menggunakan
Metode observasi, yaitu dengan membaca buku atau <i>browsing</i> mencari referensi-referensi yang berkaitan dengan masalah
yang dibahas dalam tugas ini.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Normalisasi Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
perancangan sebuah basis data perlu dilakukan secara cermat agar dihasilkan
basis data yang kompak dan efisien dalam penggunaan ruang penyimpanan, cepat
dalam pengaksesan dan mudah dalam manipulasi data. Salah satu cara yang dapat
dilakukan dalam merancang basis data seperti ini adalah dengan melakukan
normalisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beberapa
definisi normalisasi data :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Normalisasi adalah suatu
proses memperbaiki /
membangun dengan model
data</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">relasional,
dan secara umum lebih tepat dikoneksikan dengan model data logika.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Normalisasi adalah proses pengelompokan data ke dalam bentuk tabel atau
relasi atau file untuk menyatakan entitas dan hubungan mereka sehingga terwujud
satu bentuk database yang mudah untuk dimodifikasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Normalisasi dapat berguna dalam menjawab 2 pertanyaan mendasar yaitu: “apa
yang dimaksud dengan desain database logical?” dan “apa yang dimaksud dengan
desain database fisikal yang baik? What is phisical good logical database
design?”.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Normalisasi adalah suatu
proses untuk
mengidentifikasi “tabel” kelompok
atribut yang memiliki ketergantungan yang sangat tinggi antara satu
atribut dengan atrubut lainnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Normalisasi bisa disebut juga sebagai proses pengelompokan atribut-atribut
dari suatu relasi sehingga membentuk WELL STRUCTURED RELATION. <b><i>WELL
STRUCTURED RELATION</i> </b>adalah sebuah relasi yang jumlah kerangkapan
datanya sedikit (Minimum Amount Of Redundancy), serta memberikan kemungkinan
bagi user untuk melakukan INSERT, DELETE, MODIFY, terhadap baris-baris data
pada relasi tersebut, yang tidak berakibat terjadinya ERROR atau INKONSISTENSI
DATA, yang disebabkan oleh operasi-operasi tersebut.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Normalisasi
adalah proses penyusunan tabel-tabel yang tidak redundan (dobel), yang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dapat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">menyebabkan
anomali pada saat terjadi operasi manipulasi data seperti tambah, ubah dan
hapus. Anomali yaitu proses basis data yang memberikan efek samping yang tidak diharapkan
(misalnya menyebabkan ketidakkonsistenan data atau membuat sesuatu data menjadi
hilang ketika data lain dihapus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan
dari normalisasi data :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk menghilang
kerangkapan data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk mengurangi
kompleksitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk
mempermudah pemodifikasian data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Jadi tujuan dari normalisasi data adalah agar data yang ada tidak redundan
dan memiliki data integrity yang kuat sehingga ketika kita melakukan relasi
antara tabel akan dengan mudah kita menjaga <i>data integrity </i>dan
mendapatkan datanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proses
normalisasi data :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data diuraikan
dalam bentuk tabel, selanjutnya dianalisis berdasarkan persyaratan tertentu ke
beberapa tingkat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apabila tabel
yang diuji belum memenuhi persyaratan tertentu, maka tabel tersebut perlu
dipecah menjadi beberapa tabel yang lebih sederhana sampai memenuhi bentuk yang
optimal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Permasalahan
dalam normalisasi data :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Redundansi data
(ruang penyimpanan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Redudansi data</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yaitu
kejadian berulangnya data atau kumpulan data yang sama dalam sebuah database
yang mengakibatkan pemborosan media penyimpanan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anomalies
(penyimpanan dalam proses modifikasi data)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Insert Anomalies</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Insert Anomalies</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan error atau kesalahan yang
terjadi sebagai akibat dari</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">operasi menyisipkan (insert) tuple / record pada sebuah relasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Update Anomalies</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Update Anomalies</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan error atau kesalahan yang
terjadi sebagai akibat operasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">perubahan (update) tuple / record dari sebuah relasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Delete Anomalies</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Delete Anomalies</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan error atau kesalahan yang
terjadi sebagai akibat operasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">penghapusan (delete) terhadap tupe / record dari sebuah relasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1"
o:spid="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:85.5pt;margin-top:23.1pt;width:273.75pt;height:378pt;
z-index:-251658240;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;
mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;
mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
mso-position-horizontal-relative:text;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 504px; left: 0px; margin-left: 114px; margin-top: 31px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 365px; z-index: 251658238;"><img height="504" src="file:///C:/Users/Acer/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1" width="365" /></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Tahapan Normalisasi Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk Tidak
Normal</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk ini merupakan kumpulan data yang akan direkam,
tidak ada keharusan</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">mengikuti
format tertentu, dapat
saja data tidak
lengkap atau terduplikasi. Data</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">dikumpulkan apa adanya sesuai dengan saat
menginput.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk Normal
Pertama (1 NF)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tahap ini dilakukan
penghilangan beberapa grup elemen yang berulang agar menjadi satu harga tunggal
yang berinteraksi di antara setiap baris pada suatu tabel, dan</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">setiap atribut harus mempunyai nilai
data yang atomic (bersifat atomic
value). Atom</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah zat terkecil yang masih memiliki
sifat induknya, bila terpecah lagi maka ia tidak</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">memiliki sifat induknya.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Syarat normal ke
satu (1-NF) antara lain:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap data dibentuk dalam flat file, data dibentuk dalam satu record demi
satu record nilai dari field berupa “atomic value”.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada set atribute yang berulang atau bernilai ganda.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Telah ditentukannya primary key untuk tabel / relasi tersebut.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tiap atribut hanya memiliki satu pengertian.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk Normal
Kedua (2NF)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk
normal kedua didasari atas konsep full functional dependency (ketergantungan
fungsional sepenuhnya) yang dapat didefinisikan sebagai berikut. Jika A adalah atribut-atribut dari suatu
relasi, B dikatakan full functional dependency</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(memiliki ketergantungan fungsional
terhadap A, tetapi tidak secara tepat memiliki</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ketergantungan fungsional dari subset
(himpunan bagian) dari A.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">FULL FUNCTIONAL
DEPENDENCY (Ketergantungan Fungsional Sepenuhnya)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu ketergantungan fungsional
A </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">à</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> B adalah ketergantungan fungsional</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">sepenuhnya, jika perpindahan beberapa
atribut dari A menghasilkan tepat satu pasangan</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">pada
atribut B. Suatu
ketergantungan fungsional A </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">à</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> B
adalah ketergantungan</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">fungsional sebagian, jika ada beberapa atribut yang dapat dihilangkan dari
A sementara</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ketergantungan tersebut tetap berlaku
/berfungsi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk
normal kedua memungkinkan suatu relasi memiliki composite key, yaitu relasi
dengan primary key yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih atribyut. Suatu relasi yang
memiliki sigle atribut untuk primary keynya secara otomatis pada akhirnya
menjadi 2-NF.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Syarat normal kedua (2-NF) sebagai berikut<b>.</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk data telah memenuhi kriteria bentuk normal kesatu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Atribute bukan kunci
(non-key) haruslah memiliki
ketergantungan fungsionla
sepenuhnya (fully functional dependency) pada kunci utama / primary key.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan
demikian untuk membentuk normal kedua
haruslah sudah ditentukan primary
keynya. Primary key
tersebut haruslah lebih
sederhana, lebih unik,
dapat mewakili atribute lain yang menjadi anggotanya, dan lebih sering
digunakan pada tabel atau relasi tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk
Normal Ketiga (3NF)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Walaupun relasi 2-NF
memiliki redudansi yang lebih sedikit dari pada relasi 1-NF,</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">namun relasi tersebut
masih mungkin mengalami
kendala bila terjadi
anomaly</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">peremajaan (update) terhadap relasi
tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Transitive
Dependency (ketergantungan transitif)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu kondisi dimana
A, B, dan C adalah atribut-atribut dari
suatu relasi</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">sedemikian sehingga A </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">à</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> B
dan B </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">à</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> C, maka A </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">à</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> C (C
memiliki ketergantungan</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">transitif terhadap A
melalui B), dan
harus dipastikan bahwa
A tidak memiliki</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ketergantungan fungsional (functional
dependent) terhadap B atau C).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">ü<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Syarat normal ketiga (Third Normal Form / 3 NF)
sebagai berikut.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk data telah memenuhi kriteria bentuk normal kedua.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 4.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Atribute bukan kunci (non-key) harus tidak memiliki ketergantungan
transitif, dengan kata lain suatu atribut bukan kunci (non_key)
tidak boleh memiliki ketergantungan
fungsional (functional dependency)
terhadap atribut bukan
kunci lainnya, seluruh atribut bukan
kunci pada suatu
relasi hanya memiliki
ketergantungan fungsional
terhadap priamry key di relasi itu saja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Bentuk
Normal Keempat (4NF)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk normal 4NF terpenuhi dalam sebuah tabel jika
telah memenuhi bentuk BCNF, dan tabel tersebut tidak boleh memiliki lebih dari
sebuah <i>multivalued atribute</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk setiap <i>multivalued
dependencies </i>(MVD) juga harus merupakan <i>functional dependencies</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Bentuk Normal Kelima
(5NF)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bentuk normal 5NF terpenuhi jika
tidak dapat memiliki sebuah <i>lossless decomposition </i>menjadi tabel-tabel
yg lebih kecil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika 4 bentuk normal sebelumnya
dibentuk berdasarkan <i>functional dependency</i>, 5NF dibentuk berdasarkan
konsep <i>join dependence</i>. Yakni apabila sebuah tabel telah di-dekomposisi
menjadi tabel-tabel lebih kecil, harus bisa digabungkan lagi (join) untuk
membentuk tabel semula <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Penerapan Normalisasi Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">NIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Nama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">KodeMK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">John Petruci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">SBD, ASD, RO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Paul Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">SBD, KJK, PBO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">672012333<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Mike Portnoy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">SBD, PIJK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1-NF<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu
relasi memenuhi 1-NF jika dan hanya jika setiap atribut dari relasi tersebut
hanya memiliki nilai tunggal dalam satu baris atau record.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.25pt;" valign="top" width="194">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">NIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Nama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.5pt;" valign="top" width="195">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">KodeMK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.25pt;" valign="top" width="194">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">John Petruci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.5pt;" valign="top" width="195">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.25pt;" valign="top" width="194">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">John Petruci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.5pt;" valign="top" width="195">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">ASD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.25pt;" valign="top" width="194">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">John Petruci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.5pt;" valign="top" width="195">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">RO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.25pt;" valign="top" width="194">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Paul Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.5pt;" valign="top" width="195">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.25pt;" valign="top" width="194">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Paul Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.5pt;" valign="top" width="195">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">KJK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.25pt;" valign="top" width="194">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Paul Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.5pt;" valign="top" width="195">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">PBO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.25pt;" valign="top" width="194">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">672012333<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Mike Portnoy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.5pt;" valign="top" width="195">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.25pt;" valign="top" width="194">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">672012333<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 142.0pt;" valign="top" width="189">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Mike Portnoy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 146.5pt;" valign="top" width="195">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">PIJK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">2-NF<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: -15.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 645px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.35pt;" width="80">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 74.35pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.0pt;" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alamat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 135.4pt;" width="181">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MataKuliah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KodeMK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.15pt;" width="39">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SKS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.9pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nilai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" width="44">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Poin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.35pt;" width="80">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 74.35pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">John
Petruci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.0pt;" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semarang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 135.4pt;" width="181">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem
Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.15pt;" width="39">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.9pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" width="44">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.35pt;" width="80">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 74.35pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">John
Petruci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.0pt;" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semarang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 135.4pt;" width="181">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem
Operasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.15pt;" width="39">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.9pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" width="44">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.35pt;" width="80">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 74.35pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">John
Petruci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.0pt;" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semarang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 135.4pt;" width="181">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Riset
Operasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.15pt;" width="39">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.9pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" width="44">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.35pt;" width="80">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 74.35pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paul
Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.0pt;" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Salatiga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 135.4pt;" width="181">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem
Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.15pt;" width="39">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.9pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" width="44">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.35pt;" width="80">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 74.35pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paul
Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.0pt;" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Salatiga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 135.4pt;" width="181">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Konsep
Jaringan Komputer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KJK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.15pt;" width="39">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.9pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" width="44">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.35pt;" width="80">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 74.35pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paul
Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.0pt;" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Salatiga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 135.4pt;" width="181">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemrograman
Berbasis Objek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PBO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.15pt;" width="39">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.9pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" width="44">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.35pt;" width="80">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">672012333<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 74.35pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mike
Portnoy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.0pt;" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Solo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 135.4pt;" width="181">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem
Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.15pt;" width="39">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.9pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" width="44">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.35pt;" width="80">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">672012333<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 74.35pt;" width="99">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mike
Portnoy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 56.0pt;" width="75">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Solo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 135.4pt;" width="181">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemrograman
Visual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 29.15pt;" width="39">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.9pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.95pt;" width="44">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu
relasi memenuhi 2-NF jika :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memenuhi
1-NF<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap
atribut yang bukan kunci utama tergantung secara fungsional terhadap semua
atribut kunci dan bukan hannya sebagian atribut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan
fungsional dilakukan untuk :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIM
</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Nama, Alamat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KodeKuliah
</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Matakuliah, SKS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIM,
KodeKuliah </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Nilai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 578px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">NIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Nama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Alamat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">John Petruci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Semarang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">John Petruci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Semarang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">John Petruci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Semarang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Paul Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Salatiga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Paul Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Salatiga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Paul Gilbert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Salatiga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012333<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Mike Portnoy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Solo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012333<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Mike Portnoy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Solo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 574px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.35pt;" width="215">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">MataKuliah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" width="193">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">KodeKuliah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.75pt;" width="166">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SKS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.35pt;" width="215">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sistem
Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" width="193">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.75pt;" width="166">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.35pt;" width="215">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sistem
Operasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" width="193">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.75pt;" width="166">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.35pt;" width="215">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Riset
Operasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" width="193">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">RO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.75pt;" width="166">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.35pt;" width="215">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sistem
Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" width="193">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.75pt;" width="166">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.35pt;" width="215">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Konsep
Jaringan Komputer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" width="193">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">KJK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.75pt;" width="166">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.35pt;" width="215">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemrograman
Berbasis Objek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" width="193">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">PBO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.75pt;" width="166">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.35pt;" width="215">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Sistem
Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" width="193">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.75pt;" width="166">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.35pt;" width="215">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Pemrograman
Visual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 144.55pt;" width="193">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">PV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.75pt;" width="166">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 586px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">NIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">KodeKuliah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Nilai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Poin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">RO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">KJK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">PBO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012333<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012333<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">PV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">NF-3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Suatu relasi memenuhi bentuk 3-NF jika :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Relasi
tersebut memenuhi 2-NF.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Setiap
atribut bukan kunci tidak tergantung secara fungsional kepada atribut bukan
kunci yang lain dalam relasi tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 586px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">NIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">KodeKuliah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nilai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">RO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">KJK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012222<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">PBO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012333<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 133.0pt;" width="177">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">672012333<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" width="170">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">PV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 586px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nilai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Poin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;" width="95">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">E<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 107.95pt;" width="144">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Denormalisasi
Data<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Denormalisasi
database adalah pelanggaran aturan normalisasi atau menjabarkan suatu tataan
database yang telah normal untuk meningkatkan performa pengaksesan data pada
database. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; tab-stops: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Proses denormalisasi termasuk :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengkombinasikan tabel-tabel yang
terpisah dengan join<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mereplikasi/menduplikat data pada
tabel</span><span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-overlap: never; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: .05pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">NIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Nama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Alamat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">123<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Petruci<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Semarang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">124<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Rudes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Salatiga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">125<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">James<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Solo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.2pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">KodeMK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">MataKuliah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.2pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Sistem
Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.2pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">RO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Riset
Operasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Menjadi<br clear="all" />
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 133.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">NIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">KodeMK<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.45pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Nilai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">123<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.45pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">124<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.45pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" valign="top" width="64">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">125<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">SBD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 37.45pt;" valign="top" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 46.35pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Boyce-Codde
method<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
BCNF
mempunyai paksaan yang lebih kuat dari bentuk normal ketiga. Untuk menjadi
BCNF, relasi harus dalam bentuk normal kesatu dan setiap atribut harus
bergantung fungsi pada atribut superkey.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Contoh<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Kunci primer
adalah no_siswa+seminar. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Siswa boleh mengambil satu atau dua
seminar.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 36.0pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Setiap siswa dibimbing oleh salah satu
diantara 2 instruktur seminar tsb.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 36.0pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Setiap instruktur boleh hanya mengambil
satu seminar saja.<o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">NIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Seminar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Instruktur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">1234<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Azure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Bill Gates<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">1235<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Azure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Larry Page<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">1236<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Azure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Steve Balmer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">1235<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Amazon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Steve Jobs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.0pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">1236<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Amazon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.05pt;" valign="top" width="205">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Steve Jobs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-overlap: never; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: .05pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Instruktur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Seminar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Bill
Gates<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Azure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Larry
Page<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Azure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Steve
Balmer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Azure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Steve
Jobs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-top: .05pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Amazon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.2pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">NIM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.85pt;" valign="top" width="125">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Instruktur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.2pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">1234<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.85pt;" valign="top" width="125">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Bill Gates<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.2pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">1235<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.85pt;" valign="top" width="125">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Larry Page<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.2pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">1236<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.85pt;" valign="top" width="125">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Steve Balmer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.2pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">1235<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.85pt;" valign="top" width="125">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Steve Jobs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 69.2pt;" valign="top" width="92">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">1236<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 93.85pt;" valign="top" width="125">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Steve Jobs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><br clear="all" />
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesimpulan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Normalisasi adalah proses penyusunan tabel-tabel yang
tidak redundan (dobel), yang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dapat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">menyebabkan anomali pada saat terjadi
operasi manipulasi data seperti tambah, ubah dan hapus. Sedangkan Denormalisasi
adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pelanggaran
aturan normalisasi atau menjabarkan suatu tataan database yang telah normal
untuk meningkatkan performa pengaksesan data pada database. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Daftar Pustaka<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Arief. <i>Denormalisasi Database</i>. </span><a href="http://arieformatic.wordpress.com/2009/06/09/denormalisasi-database/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://arieformatic.wordpress.com/2009/06/09/denormalisasi-database/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Kristanto Harianto. <i>Konsep
& Perancangan database</i>. Yogyakarta: Andi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yhandu. 2011. <i>Makalah
Normalisasi</i>. </span><a href="http://yhandu.blogspot.com/2012/10/makalah-normalisasi.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://yhandu.blogspot.com/2012/10/makalah-normalisasi.html</span></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-66259999254865312822013-02-13T21:08:00.001-08:002013-02-13T21:08:02.325-08:00<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TUGAS
2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SISTEM
BASIS DATA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
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<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape alt="Description: C:\Users\Tha\Downloads\Logo-UKSW-Warna.jpg" id="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 199.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 202.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Logo-UKSW-Warna" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">OLEH
:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KELOMPOK
4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DAVID
INDRA (672009704)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ADINDA
SETYA OKTAMI (672012099)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">YOSEPHIN
DWI TATALIA (672012123)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">WENTI
MEI ANDRIYANI (672012136)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TYAS
KRISTIYANA (682012063)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">AGUSTINA
YANSIP (702011149)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">FAKULTAS
TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">UNIVERSITAS
KRISTEN SATYA WACANA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2012<br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB I</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Latar Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Seiring dengan
berjalannya waktu, system pemrosesan file ditinggalkan karena masih</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">bersifat manual, dikembangkan sistem pemrosesan dengan
pendekatan basis data.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Batasan Masalah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
Sistem Basis Data</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komponen Utama Sistem Basis Data</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Abstraksi Data</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan Bagian-Bagian Penyusunnya</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Manfaat Sistem Basis Data</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Maksud dan Tujuan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE;">Maksud
dari penyusunan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tugas</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE;"> ini adalah untuk memenuhi dan melengkapi salah satu
tugas mata kuliah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem Basis Data</span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE;"> di Universias Kristen Satya Wacana. Sedangkan tujuan
dari penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tentang
sistem basis data dan abstraksi data.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Metode Pengumpulan Data</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk memperoleh data yang diperlukan
dalam penyusunan tugas ini, penulis menggunakan Metode <i>Browsing</i> Internet, yaitu metode yang dilakukan dengan <i>browsing</i> atau membaca atau mencari
referensi-referensi yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang dibahas dalam tugas ini
di internet.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengertian Sistem Basis Data</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengertian </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Istilah
sistem merupakan istilah dari bahasa yunani <i>system</i>
yang artinya adalah himpunan bagian atau unsur yang saling berhubungan secara
teratur untuk mencapai tujuan bersama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian sistem</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menurut
Wikipedia<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>indonesia<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>adalah<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>sistem</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>berasal dari bahasa Latin (<i>systēma</i>)
dan bahasa Yunani (<i>sustēma</i>) adalah suatu kesatuan yang terdiri<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="new">komponen</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>atau elemen yang dihubungkan bersama
untuk memudahkan aliran informasi, materi atau energi. Istilah ini sering dipergunakan
untuk menggambarkan suatu set entitas yang<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>berinteraksi,
di mana suatu model matematika seringkali bisa dibuat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sistem</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> menurut
para ahli :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">L. James Havery. </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurutnya sistem adalah prosedur
logis dan rasional untuk merancang suatu rangkaian komponen yang berhubungan
satu dengan yang lainnya dengan maksud untuk berfungsi sebagai suatu kesatuan
dalam usaha mencapai suatu tujuan yang telah ditentukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">John Mc Manama. </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurutnya sistem adalah sebuah
struktur konseptual yang tersusun dari fungsi-fungsi yang saling berhubungan
yang bekerja sebagai suatu kesatuan organik untuk mencapai suatu hasil yang
diinginkan secara efektif dan efesien.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C.W. Churchman. </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurutnya sistem adalah seperangkat
bagian-bagian yang dikoordinasikan untuk melaksanakan seperangkat tujuan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">J.C. Hinggins</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurutnya sistem adalah seperangkat
bagian-bagian yang saling berhubungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Edgar F Huse dan James L. Bowdict</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurutnya
sistem adalah suatu seri atau rangkaian bagian-bagian yang saling berhubungan
dan bergantung sedemikian rupa sehingga interaksi dan saling pengaruh dari satu
bagian akan mempengaruhi keseluruhan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 3.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">L</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">udwig</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> V</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">on</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
B</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">artalanfy</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurutnya sistem
adalah seperangkat unsur yang saling terikat dalam suatu antar relasi diantara
unsur-unsur tersebut dengan lingkungan.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">natol</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> R</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">aporot</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurutnya sistem
adalah suatu kumpulan kesatuan dan perangkat hubungan satu sama lain.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">L.
A</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ckof</span></b></span><span class="fullpost"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurutnya sistem
adalah setiap kesatuan secara konseptual atau fisik yang terdiri dari bagian-bagian
dalam keadaan saling tergantung satu sama lainnya.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
<b>M.J Alexander</b> dalam buku <i>Information
System Analysis : Theory and Application</i>, sistem merupakan sekelompok
elemen-elemen baik fisik maupun non-fisik yang menunjukkan suatu kumpulan saling
berhubungan dan berinteraksi menuju tujuan, atau sasaran sebuah sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indrajit</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (2001: 2) mengemukakan bahwa sistem
mengandung arti kumpulan-kumpulan dari komponen-komponen yang dimiliki unsur
keterkaitan antara satu dengan lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jogianto</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (2005: 2) mengemukakan bahwa <u>sistem</u>
adalah kumpulan dari elemen-elemen yang berinteraksi untuk mencapai suatu
tujuan tertentu. sistem ini menggambarkan suatu kejadian-kejadian dan kesatuan
yang nyata adalah suatu objek nyata, seperti tempat, benda, dan orang-orang
yang betul-betul ada dan terjadi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut
<b>Murdick, R.G</b>, (1991 : 27) Suatu
sistem adalah seperangkat elemen yang membentuk kumpulan atau
procedure-prosedure/bagan-bagan pengolahan yang mencari suatu tujuan bagian
atau tujuan bersama dengan mengoperasikan data dan/atau barang pada waktu
rujukan tertentu untuk menghasilkan informasi dan/atau energi dan/atau
barang. . <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut
<b>Jerry FutzGerald</b>, (1981 : 5) Sistem
adalah suatu jaringan kerja dari prosedur-prosedur yang saling berhubungan,
berkumpul bersama-sama untuk melakukan suatu kegiatan atau untuk menyelesaikan
suatu sasaran yang tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut
<b>Davis, G.B</b>, (1991 : 45 ) Sistem
secara fisik adalah kumpulan dari elemen-elemen yang beroperasi bersama-sama
untuk menyelesaikan suatu sasaran <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut<i>
</i>Dr. Ir. Harijono Djojodihardjo (1984: 78)<i> </i>“Suatu sistem adalah
sekumpulan objek yang mencakup hubungan fungsional antara tiap-tiap objek dan
hubungan antara ciri tiap objek, dan yang secara keseluruhan merupakan suatu
kesatuan secara fungsional.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut
Lani Sidharta (1995: 9), “Sistem adalah himpunan dari bagian-bagian yang saling
berhubungan yang secara bersama mencapai tujuan-tujuan yang sama”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesimpulan</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
: sistem adalah suatu kesatuan utuh<b> </b>yang
terdiri dari beberapa bagian yang saling berhubungan dan berinteraksi untuk
mencapai tujuan tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengertian Sistem Basis Data</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem Basis Data merupakan
sekumpulan basis data dengan para pemakai yang menggunakan basis data secara
bersama-sama, personil yang merancang dan mengelola basis data, teknik-teknik
untuk merancang dan mengelola basis data, serta sistem komputer yang
mendukungnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">C. J. Date</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">
menyatakan bahwa sistem basis data dapat dianggap sebagai tempat untuk
sekumpulan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">berkas data yang
terkomputerisasi dengan tujuan untuk memelihara informasi dan membuat informasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">tersebut tersedia saat dibutuhkan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut <b>Connolly</b>,
Sistem Basis Data adalah kumpulan program aplikasi yang berupa sistem
penyimpanan yang berinteraksi dengan basis data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Date, sistem Basis Data adalah sistem penyimpanan
record yang terkompurisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari definisi tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Sistem Basis
Data merupakan kumpulan program aplikasi yang dipergunakan untuk penyimpanan
data yang terkompurisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Komponen Utama Sistem Basis Data</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perangkat keras <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biasanya berupa perangkat komputer
standar, media penyimpan sekunder </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">on-line (Harddisk) dan off-line (Backup
data) serta</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">perangkat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> komunikasi untuk sistem jaringan. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen
inilah yang melakukan pemrosesan dan juga untuk menyimpan basis data.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem operasi <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Merupakan program yang mengaktifkan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">atau</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> memfungsikan sistem komputer,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">mengendalikan seluruh sumber daya dalam komputer dan
melakukan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">operasi – operasi
dasar dalam komputer.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Contoh :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: KO;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Ms- Dos (3.0, ......6.x)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: KO;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Ms-Windows (3.x, 9.x, Me, NT, 2000, Xp)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: KO;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Unix<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: KO;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Linux<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Basis data <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap basis data berisi sejumlah
objek basis data (file, tabel, dll) dan juga mengandung atau menyimpan definisi
struktur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem pengelola basis data (DBMS) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Pengelolaan basis
data secara fisik ditangani oleh sebuah perangkat</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">lunak (sistem) yang khusus (DBMS) yang akan menentukan
bagaimana</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">data diorganisasi, disimpan, diubah dan diambil
kembali disamping itu</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">juga menerapkan mekanisme pengamanan data, pemakaian
data secara</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">bersama, keakuratan dan konsistensi data, dsb.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Contoh :</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Foxbase, dBase III+, dBase IV, Ms Access, Borland
Paradox</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Oracle, sybase, dsb</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemakai (Programmer, User </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">M</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ahir, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ser </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mum, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">U</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ser </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">K</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">husus) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Pemakai dalam
basis data dibedakan berdasarkan cara mereka</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">berinteraksi terhadap sistem</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Program</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">er</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Pemakai
berinteraksi dengan basis data melalui <i>Data Manipulation Language </i>(DML)
yang disertakan dalam program yang ditulis dengan dalam bahasa pemrograman
Induk. Contoh : C, pascal, cobol, dll<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Pemakai Mahir (<i>Casual User</i>)</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Berinteraksi
dengan sistem tanpa menulis modul program dan hanya</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">menggunakan query dengan query yang telah disediakan.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">User Umum (<i>End User / Naive User</i>)</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Berinteraksi
dengan sistem basis data melalui pemanggilan suatu</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">aplikasi permanen yang telah diprogram atau ditulis
sebelumnya.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">User Khusus (<i>Specialized User</i>)</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Berinteraksi
dengan menulis program basis data non konvensional</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">untuk keperluan khusus.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Contoh : Sisem Pakar,
pengolahan citra, dll</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aplikasi Lain</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ini bersifat opsional artinya
sangat relatif tergantung pada kebutuhan kita.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.3<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Abstraksi Data</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem basis data biasanya
menyembunyikan detil tentang bagaimana data disimpan dan diperlihara. Oleh
karena itu, seringkali data yang terlihat oleh pemakai sebenarnya berbeda
dengan yang tersimpan secara fisik<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abstraksi data merupakan tingkatan-tingkatan
pengguna dalam memandang bagaimana sebenarnya data diolah dalam sebuah sistem
database sehingga menyerupai kondisi yang sebenarnya dihadapi oleh pengguna
sehari-hari. Bisa dikatakan abstraksi data merupakan level dalam bagaimana
melihat data dalam sebuah sistem basis data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Salah satu tujuan
DBMS adalah untuk menyediakan fasilitas antar muka atau</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">interface </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">dalam
melihat data kepada pemakai. Sehingga sistem tersebut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">menyembunyikan detail tentang bagaimana data tersebut
di simpan dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">dipelihara.
Sehingga sering kali data terlihat oleh pemakai sebenarnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Malgun Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">berbeda, jadi abstraksi terbagi menjadi 3 level atau
tingkatan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abstraksi data dalam DBMS dibagi
menjadi 3 tingkat, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tingkat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisik (Physical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Level)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lapis
fisik merupakan lapis terendah pada abstraksi data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tingkat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Konseptual</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Conceptual</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Level)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lapis
konseptual lebih tinggi dari lapis fisik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tingkat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pandangan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(View</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Level)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lapis pandangan merupakan lapis tertinggi pada
abstraksi data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Description: D:\온타's ROOM\2\abst.PNG" id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 245.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 468pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="abst" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Level
Fisik (<i>Physical Level</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lapis fisik merupakan lapis terendah, lapis ini
menjelaskan bagaimana (<i>how</i>) data
sesungguhnya disimpan. Pada lapis inilah struktur data dijabarkan secara rinci.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Level
Logik / <i>Konseptual</i> (<i>Conceptual Level</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lapis ini menjabarkan data apa (what) saja yang
sesungguhnya disimpan pada basisdata, dan juga menjabarkan hubungan-hubungan
antardata secara keseluruhan. Seorang pengguna dalam level ini dapat mengetahui
bahwa data mahasiswa disimpan pada tabel mahasiswa, tabel krs, tabel transkrip
dan lain sebagainya. Level ini biasa dipakai oleh DBA. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Level
<i>Penampakan</i>/pandangan (<i>View Level</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada lapis ini pengguna hanya mengenal struktur data
yang sederhana, yang berorientasi pada kebutuhan pengguna. Data yang dikenal
oleh masing-masing pengguna bisa berbeda-beda dan barangkali hanya mencakup
sebagian dari basis data. Misalnya: Bagian keuangan hanya membutuhkan data
keuangan, jadi yang digambarkan hanya pandangan terhadap data keuangan saja,
begitu juga dengan bagian akuntansi, hanya membutuhkan data akuntansi saja.
Jadi tidak semua pengguna database membutuhkan seluruh informasi yang terdapat
dalam database tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.4<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Manfaat Sistem Basis Data</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mengurangi redundansi</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data yang sama pada beberapa aplikasi cukup disimpan
sekali saja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menghindarkan inkonsistensi</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karena redundansi berkurang, sehingga umumnya update
hanya sekali saja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Terpeliharanya integritas data</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data tersimpan secara akurat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Data dapat dipakai bersama-sama</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data yang sama dapat diakses oleh beberapa user pada
saat bersamaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Memudahkan penerapan standarisasi</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyangkut keseragaman penyajian data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jaminan security</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data hanya dapat diakses oleh yang berhak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menyeimbangkan kebutuhan</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dapat ditentukan prioritas suatu operasi, misalnya
antara update (mengubah data) dengan retrieval (menampilkan data) didahulukan
update.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.1<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesimpu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistem adalah
suatu kesatuan utuh<b> </b>yang
terdiri dari beberapa bagian yang saling berhubungan dan berinteraksi untuk
mencapai tujuan tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari definisi tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Sistem Basis
Data merupakan kumpulan program aplikasi yang dipergunakan untuk penyimpanan
data yang terkompurisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daftar
Pustaka<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://aldyputra.net/2011/08/pengertian-sistem-menurut-para-ahli/">http://aldyputra.net/2011/08/pengertian-sistem-menurut-para-ahli/</a><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<a href="http://liavietri.blogspot.com/2010/02/pengertian-sistem.html">http://liavietri.blogspot.com/2010/02/pengertian-sistem.html</a><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fathansyah, Ir, 2002, “<i>Basis Data</i>”, Informatika,
Bandung<br />
<br />
Indrajit, 2001, <i>Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Berorientasi Object</i>.
Bandung, Informatika.<br />
<br />
Jogianto HM. 2005. <i>Sistem Teknologi Informasi</i>. Andi. Yogyakarta.<br />
<br />
Robert G Murdick, dkk, <i>Sistem Informasi Untuk Manajemen Modern</i>, Jakarta
: Erlangga, 1991. <br />
<br />
Jogiyanto HM. 2005. <i>Analisis & Desain Sistem Informasi : Pendekatan
Terstruktur Teori dan Praktek Aplikasi Bisnis</i>. Yogyakarta. Andi.<br />
<br />
Gordon B. Davis, <i>Kerangka Dasar Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bagian 1</i>, PT
Pustaka Binamas Pressindo, Jakarta: 1991 <br />
<br />
Dr. Ir. Harijono Djojodihardjo, <b>Pengantar Sistem Komputer,</b> Erlangga,
Bandung: 1984<br />
<br />
Lani Sidharta,<b> Pengantar Sistem Informasi Bisnis</b>, P.T. ELEX Media
Komputindo, Jakarta: 1995<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span class="fn">Wildan</span><span class="post-author"> </span><span class="post-timestamp">di </span><a href="http://artidari.blogspot.com/2012/04/definisi-sistem-basis-data.html" title="permanent link">21.10</a><span class="post-timestamp"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://artidari.blogspot.com/2012/04/definisi-sistem-basis-data.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://artidari.blogspot.com/2012/04/definisi-sistem-basis-data.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://nurmanto.com/komponen-sistem-basis-data/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://nurmanto.com/komponen-sistem-basis-data/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">March 16th, 2011 </span><a href="http://nurmanto.com/author/nurmanto/" title="Posts by Nurmanto"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nurmanto</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asih
Winantu.2006.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <b>http://asihwinantu.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/materi-kuliah-sistem-basis-data1.doc</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-77785560099620647942012-11-20T17:01:00.005-08:002012-11-20T17:01:32.372-08:00<br />
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem Infomasi Manajemen<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"> Sistem
informasi yang digunakan untuk pengolahan atau manajemen</span></strong><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">. Sistem
informasi berdasarkan dukungan kepada pemakai :<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem pemrosesan transaksi <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem informasi manajemen<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem otomosi perkantoran<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem pendukung keputusan<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem informasi eksekutif<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem pendukung kelompok<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem pendukng cerdas<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<b><span style="background: white; color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 64.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Evolusi dari alat Pengambilan keputusan
terkomputas</span></b><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">.</span><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 32.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pemrosesan Transaksi
(TPS)</span><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 32.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem Informasi Manajemen (MIS)</span><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 32.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (DSS)</span><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 32.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem Informasi ekskekutif (EIS)</span><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 32.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Expert System (ES)</span><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 32.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem Otomasi Kantor (OAS) </span><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 32.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Artifical Neural Network (ANN)</span><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 44.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 17.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">perbedaan
antara DSS dengan TPS, MIS, OAS, ES dan EIS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 13.94%;" valign="top" width="13%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Perbedaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 53.22%;" valign="top" width="53%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 32.84%;" valign="top" width="32%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pemakai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 13.94%;" valign="top" width="13%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">DSS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 53.22%;" valign="top" width="53%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Membantu pengambil keputusan
dengan menyediakan informasi, model, atau perangkat untuk menganalisa
informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 32.84%;" valign="top" width="32%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Analis, manajer, dan profesional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 13.94%;" valign="top" width="13%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">TPS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 53.22%;" valign="top" width="53%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menghimpun dan menyimpan
informasi transaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 32.84%;" valign="top" width="32%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Orang yang memproses transaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 13.94%;" valign="top" width="13%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">MIS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 53.22%;" valign="top" width="53%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Mengonversi data yang berasal
dari TPS menjadi informasi yang berguna untuk mengelola organisasi dan
memantau kinerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 32.84%;" valign="top" width="32%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Semua level manajemen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 13.94%;" valign="top" width="13%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">OAS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 53.22%;" valign="top" width="53%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Mengonversi data yang berasal
dari TPS menjadi informasi yang berguna untuk mengelola organisasi dan
memantau kinerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 32.84%;" valign="top" width="32%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Staf maupun manajer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 13.94%;" valign="top" width="13%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">ES<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 53.22%;" valign="top" width="53%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menyediakan pengetahuan pakar
pada bidang tertentu untuk membantu pemecahan masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt; width: 32.84%;" valign="top" width="32%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Orang yang hendak memecahkan
masalah yang memerlukan kepakaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span class="a"><b><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 64.5pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm;">proses
pengambilan keputusan, tujuan sistem, atau solusi</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 64.5pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm;"> </span></b></span><span class="a"><b><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 64.5pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm;">tertentu.Relasi
antara EDP, MIS, and DSS:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span></b><strong><u><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></strong></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd6bflNOqsnpOKJ2njNftHZutjUne2nOaTtDK7DOy8MWYrCEJV3qp0a8h4rjnUsDxEm9PAOqde8BmjU7JuqDOobgLR5I2fmNTfOfIsG7YagYAwoRVKV1oeZ9r_Y2zeu58PcuGraOXFJSc/s1600/35.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd6bflNOqsnpOKJ2njNftHZutjUne2nOaTtDK7DOy8MWYrCEJV3qp0a8h4rjnUsDxEm9PAOqde8BmjU7JuqDOobgLR5I2fmNTfOfIsG7YagYAwoRVKV1oeZ9r_Y2zeu58PcuGraOXFJSc/s400/35.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Tingkatan
manajemen dan manajer<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Dilihat dari
tingakatan organisasi, manajemen dibagi dalam 3 tingkatan yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6rjq2ykoAmSgSldoKcqI0-oGmMa5o5kSLffl5y_1w6G8d6nV3ka1Audb46VNm69qPufxARE9W9JzHIG-Zz1C5FHEtqMTUcLf_MhkWNVKl0I1ejac4oHsrgTvbIEgckgCCa0sezcEqZ9M/s1600/TTTTT.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6rjq2ykoAmSgSldoKcqI0-oGmMa5o5kSLffl5y_1w6G8d6nV3ka1Audb46VNm69qPufxARE9W9JzHIG-Zz1C5FHEtqMTUcLf_MhkWNVKl0I1ejac4oHsrgTvbIEgckgCCa0sezcEqZ9M/s320/TTTTT.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<i><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><v:shape alt="Description: http://arosyid.webs.com/tingkatan.gif" id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 188.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 300pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="tingkatan" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span></i><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<em><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">1. Manajemen Puncak
(Top Management)</span></em></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Manajer
bertaggungjawab atas pengaruh yang ditmbulkan dari keputusan-keputusan
manajemen keseluruhan dari organisasi. Misal: Direktur, wakil direktur,
direktur utama. Keahlian yang dimiliki para manajer tinggkat puncak adalah
konseptual, artinya keahlian untuk membuat dan mmerumuskan konsep untuk
dilaksanakan oleh tingkatan manajer dibawahnya. (kaitannya dengan manajemen
strategis perusahaan).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<em><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">2. Manajemen Menengah
(Middle Management)</span></em><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Manajemen
menengah harus memeiliki keahlian untuk berkomunikasi, bekerjasama dan
memotivasi orang lain. Manajer bertanggung jawab melaksanakan reana dan
memastikan tercapainya suatu tujuan. Misal: manajer wilayah, kepala divisi,
direktur produk.(menterjemahkan tujuan dari top manajemen).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<em><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">3. Manajemen
Bawah/Lini (Low Management)</span></em><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Manager
bertanggung jawab menyelesaikan rencana-rencana yang telah ditetapkan oleh para
manajer yang lebih tinggi. Pada tngkatan ini juga memiliki keahlian yaitu keahlian
teknis, atrinya keahlian yahng mencakup prosedur, teknik, pengetahuan dan
keahlian dalam bidang khusus. Misal: supervisor/pengawas produksi, mandor.
(menjalankan operasional).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Berikut adalah skema
manajemen berdasarkan tingkatanya:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Dilihart dari kegiatan
yang dilakukan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Manajer Fungsional, bertanggung
jawab pada suatu kegiatan unit organisasi (produksi, pemasaran, keuangan, personalia,
dll<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Manajer Umum, bertanggung jawab atas
semua kegiatan unit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Didalam melaksanakan
tugas, setiap tingkatan manajer mempunyai ungsi utama atau keahlian yang
berbeda yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Keahlian Teknik (Technical Skill)
yaitu keahlian tentang bagaimana cara mengaerjakan dan menghasilkan sesuatu
yang teriri atas pengarahan dengan motivasi, supervisi, dan kemunikasi .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"> Keahlian Manajerial (Managerial Skill) yaitu
keahlian yang terkait dengan hal penetapan tujuan perencanaan,
pengorganisasian, penyusunan personalia, dan pengawasan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDLtWq9BabP6wQJ6k7XeOqv58NcIERqGxoyTTzDTWvKlXZ-va8HhMa5Ka8p_rkTSYOI6ooQ5HnqDYL7lXmp9Vnluk3R7BTzxd9h0pdpiCQeY8i9yePORbBpWtSILKVBX44-SXzgWutPuA/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDLtWq9BabP6wQJ6k7XeOqv58NcIERqGxoyTTzDTWvKlXZ-va8HhMa5Ka8p_rkTSYOI6ooQ5HnqDYL7lXmp9Vnluk3R7BTzxd9h0pdpiCQeY8i9yePORbBpWtSILKVBX44-SXzgWutPuA/s400/Untitled.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 253.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 451.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Acer\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Teori
tentang manajemen yaitu semakin keatas keputusan tidak terstruktur. Yang
terkait dengan kebutuhan sistem informasi adalah SIM atau sistem pemrosesan
transaksi. Kaitannya dengan seluruh fungsi di perusahaan adalah akuntansi dan
bagian produksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">SIM <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">untuk menyajikan informasi u ntuk mendukung operasi dan
pengambilan keputusan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Untuk memantau kerja, memelihara koordinasi dan menyediakan
informasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Istilah
lain SIM :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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" o:spid="_x0000_s1030" strokecolor="#f79646 [3209]" strokeweight="2pt" style="height: 87.75pt; margin-left: 160.5pt; margin-top: 7.4pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: margin; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; v-text-anchor: middle; visibility: visible; width: 72.75pt; z-index: 251661312;" type="#_x0000_t109"><br /></v:shape></div>
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<span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">sistem memberikan peringatan kepada pemakai. Misalkan dalam
siasat mahasiswa belum lunas dalam pembayaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sistem Laporan Manajamen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Karakteristik
SIM :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Beroperasi pada tugas-tugas
terstruktur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Meningkatkan efisiensi biaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menyediakan laporan dan kemudahan
akses yang berguna untuk pengambilan keputusan tetapi tidak secara langsung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Macam
Laporan SIM :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Laporan periodis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Laporan ikhtisar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Laporan perkecualian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Laporan perbandingan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Laporan SIM : menyediakan laporan yang tergolong sebagai
(demand atau adhor) report, yaitu jenis laporan yang bisa diminta sewaktu-waktu
dan pemakai dapat mengatur sendiri
tataletak informasi yang diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">SUMBER<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.scribd.com/">http://www.scribd.com</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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RUDDY LATUPERISSA<span style="color: #5f497a; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-15727197435532893532012-11-09T05:14:00.005-08:002012-11-09T05:14:56.368-08:00<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Unified Modeling Language (UML)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Unified
Modeling Language (UML) adalah himpunan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktur" style="text-align: start;" title="Struktur"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">struktur</span></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="text-align: start;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik" style="text-align: start;" title="Teknik"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">teknik</span></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="text-align: start;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk
pemodelan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desain" style="text-align: start;" title="Desain"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">desain</span></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="text-align: start;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">program
berorientasi objek <b><i>object-oriented programming (OOP) </i></b>serta<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplikasi" style="text-align: start;" title="Aplikasi"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">aplikasinya</span></a><span style="text-align: start;">.</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">UML </span></b><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">adalah
suatu<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa" style="text-align: start;" title="Bahasa"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">bahasa</span></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="text-align: start;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">yang
digunakan untuk menentukan, memvisualisasikan, membangun, dan mendokumentasikan
suatu<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_informasi" style="text-align: start;" title="Sistem informasi"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">sistem
informasi</span></a></span><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="text-align: start;">. UML dikembangkan sebagai suatu alat untuk</span>
</span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analisis" title="Analisis"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">analisis</span></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="text-align: start;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">dan
desain berorientasi objek oleh Grady Booch, Jim Rumbaugh, dan Ivar Jacobson. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Metode Booch</span></b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> menjadikan proses analisis dan design
ke dalam 4 tahapan iteratif, yaitu : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">mengidentifikasi kelas-kelas dan obyek-obyek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">mengidentifikasi dari hubungan kelas dan obyek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">perincian interface<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> implementasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Pemodelan OMT</span></b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> yang dikembangkan oleh Rumbaugh
didasarkan pada analisis terstruktur dan pemodelan <i>entity-relationship. </i>Tahapannya
adalah analisis, design sistem, design obyek, dan implementasi. Keunggulannya
adalah dalam penotasian yang mendukung semua konsep<i>Object Oriented.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Metode OOSE</span></b><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> dari Jacobson lebih
memberi penekanan pada <i>use case</i>. OOSE memiliki tahapan yaitu
membuat model requirement dan analisis, design dan implementasi, model
pengujian (<i>test model</i>)<i>. </i></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqGRcYFQqfMxRsuvAKkGql8r1boRgwZzP80_KnoAK3gBKhJPlRqjkfCkDimZyw5x00ohAeQLHH4xQB2_-dQQ9pcdPRRXi2cAs4_t4ZTOGB84sGcYso2WeG_cH56oFmo6zunzvK0HKQZeQ/s1600/ee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqGRcYFQqfMxRsuvAKkGql8r1boRgwZzP80_KnoAK3gBKhJPlRqjkfCkDimZyw5x00ohAeQLHH4xQB2_-dQQ9pcdPRRXi2cAs4_t4ZTOGB84sGcYso2WeG_cH56oFmo6zunzvK0HKQZeQ/s1600/ee.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><br clear="all" />
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Dengan UML, metode Booch, OMT dan OOSE </span></b><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">digabungkan dengan membuang
elemen-elemen yang tidak praktis ditambah dengan elemen-elemen dari metode lain
yang lebih efektif dan elemen-elemen baru yang belum ada pada metode terdahulu
sehingga UML lebih ekspresif dan seragam daripada metode lainnya.</span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Namun
demikian UML dapat digunakan untuk memahami dan mendokumentasikan setiap sistem
informasi. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Penggunaan UML dalam<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> </span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri" title="Industri"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">industri</span></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="text-align: start;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">terus
meningkat. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Ini merupakan standar
terbuka yang menjadikannya sebagai bahasa pemodelan yang umum dalam industri<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranti_lunak" style="text-align: start;" title="Peranti lunak"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">peranti
lunak</span></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><span style="text-align: start;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">dan
pengembangan sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Mengapa UML Penting ?</span></b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">UML </span></b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">adalah hasil kerja dari konsorsium berbagai
organisasi yang berhasil dijadikan sebagai standar baku dalam OOAD (<i>Object Oriented Analysis &
Design</i>). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Tiga karakter penting UML :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Sketsa</span></i></b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">, UML berfungsi sebagai jembatan dalam
mengkomunikasikan beberapa aspek dari sistem, sehingga semua anggota memiliki
gambaran yang sama tentang sistem yang dibuat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Blue Print, </span></i></b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">akan dapat diketahui informasi detail
tentang <i>coding program</i> (<i>forward engineering</i>) dan
menginterpretasikannya kembali ke dalam diagram (<i>reverse engineering</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Bahasa Pemrograman,</span></i></b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> UML dapat menterjemahkan diagram yang
ada di UML menjadi<i>code program</i> yang siap untuk dijalankan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Diagram UML<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">10 macam diagram untuk memodelkan aplikasi berientasi objek:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Use Case Diagram</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan proses bisnis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 19.2pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Conceptual Diagram</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan konsep-konsep yang ada di dalam aplikasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 19.2pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Sequence Diagram</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan pengiriman pesan (<i>message</i>) antar<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>objects</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 19.2pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Collaboration
Diagram</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan
interaksi antar<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>objects</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 19.2pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">State Diagram</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan perilaku<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>objects</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>di dalam sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 19.2pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Activity Diagram</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan perilaku<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Use
Cases</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>objects</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>di dalam<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>system</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 19.2pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_Diagram" title="Class Diagram"><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Class Diagram</span></a></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan struktur kelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 19.2pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Object Diagram</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan struktur<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>object</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 19.2pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Component Diagram</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan komponen<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>object</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 19.2pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Deployment Diagram</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan distribusi aplikasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 4.8pt 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">4 macam penjelasan diagram yang paling sering digunakan dalam
pembangunan aplikasi berorientasi object :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; overflow: hidden;">
<span style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right;"><span class="mw-headline">Use Case Diagram</span></span><span style="color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 4.8pt 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 4.8pt 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisnis" title="Bisnis"><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bisnis</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>proses
berdasarkan perspektif pengguna sistem.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> </span></span><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Use case diagram
terdiri atas diagram untuk use case dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>actor</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-php5_3-3"> </sup><i>Actor </i>merepresentasikan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang" title="Orang"><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">orang</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang
akan mengoperasikan atau orang yang berinteraksi dengan sistem aplikasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 4.8pt 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Use case merepresentasikan operasi-operasi yang dilakukan oleh<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>actor</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-php5_3-5"> </sup>Use case digambarkan berbentuk<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elips" title="Elips"><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">elips</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dengan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama" title="Nama"><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">nama</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasi" title="Operasi"><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">operasi</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dituliskan
di dalamnya.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Actor</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang melakukan operasi dihubungkan
dengan garis lurus ke use case.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; overflow: hidden;">
<span style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right;"><span class="mw-headline">Sequence Diagram</span></span><span style="color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 4.8pt 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">menjelaskan secara detail urutan proses yang dilakukan dalam sistem
untuk mencapai tujuan dari use case: interaksi yang terjadi antar<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>class</i>, operasi apa saja yang
terlibat, urutan antar operasi, dan informasi yang diperlukan oleh
masing-masing operasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; overflow: hidden;">
<span style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right;"><span class="mw-headline">Collaboration Diagram</span></span><span style="color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 4.8pt 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">untuk memodelkan interaksi antar object di dalam sistem.Berbeda
dengan sequence diagram yang lebih menonjolkan kronologis dari operasi-operasi
yang dilakukan, collaboration diagram lebih fokus pada pemahaman atas
keseluruhan operasi yang dilakukan oleh object.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 3.6pt; overflow: hidden;">
<span style="-webkit-user-select: none; float: right;"><span class="mw-headline">Class Diagram</span></span><span style="color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 4.8pt 0cm 6pt;">
<span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">menunjukkan hubungan antar<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>class</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dalam sistem yang sedang dibangun dan
bagaimana mereka saling berkolaborasi untuk mencapai suatu tujuan!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Tujuan Penggunaan UML</span></b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Memberikan bahasa pemodelan yang bebas dari berbagai bahas pemrograman dan
proses rekayasa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Menyatukan praktek-praktek terbaik yang terdapat dalam pemodelan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Memberikan model yang siap pakai, bahsa pemodelan visual yang ekspresif
untuk mengembangkan dan saling menukar model dengan mudah dan dimengerti secara
umum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">UML bisa juga berfungsi sebagai sebuah (blue print) cetak biru karena
sangat lengkap dan detail. Dengan cetak biru ini maka akan bias diketahui
informasi secara detail tentang coding program atau bahkan membaca program dan
menginterpretasikan kembali ke dalam bentuk diagram (reserve enginering).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Perangkat lunak yang mendukung pembuatan diagaram UML</span></b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">StarUML <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">StarUML adalah sebuah proyek open source untuk mengembangkan cepat,
fleksibel, extensible, featureful, dan bebas-tersedia UML / platform MDA
berjalan pada platform Win32.Tujuan dari proyek StarUML adalah untuk membangun
sebuah alat pemodelan perangkat lunak dan juga platform yang menarik adalah
pengganti alat UML komersial seperti Rational Rose, Bersama dan sebagainya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Acceleo<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Acceleo adalah generator kode yang mengubah model menjadi
kode. Acceleo mudah digunakan dan menyediakan “dari rak” generator (Jee,.
Bersih, Php …) dan template editor untuk Eclipse.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">ArgoUML<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">ArgoUML adalah open source UML modeling tool terkemuka dan termasuk
dukungan untuk semua diagram UML standar 1,4. Ini berjalan pada setiap
platform Java dan tersedia dalam bahasa sepuluh. ArgoUML ditulis
seluruhnya di Jawa dan menggunakan Java Kelas Foundation.Hal ini memungkinkan
ArgoUML untuk berjalan di hampir semua platform<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #984807; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://www.omg.org/"><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.omg.org</span></a>).<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/"><span style="color: #984807; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">http://id.wikipedia.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://staruml.sourceforge.net/en/"><span style="color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://staruml.sourceforge.net/en/</span></a></span><span style="color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://www.acceleo.org/pages/home/en"><span style="color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.acceleo.org/pages/home/en</span></a></span><span style="color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://argouml.tigris.org/"><span style="color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://argouml.tigris.org/</span></a></span><span style="color: #984807; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #984807; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">David M. Kroenke, <i>Database
Processing Jilid 1 edisi 9</i>, halaman 60. Erlangga.</span><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #984807; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Rama, Jones, <i>Sistem Informasi
Akuntansi</i> halaman 78. Salemba.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #984807; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Sri Dharwiyanti (2003), <i>Pengantar
Unified Modeling Language (UML)</i>, IlmuKomputer.Com.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #984807; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">Ir. M. FARID AZIS, M. Kom, <i>Object
Oriented Programming Php 5</i>, halaman 118. Elex Media Komputindo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #984807; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"> Julius Hermawan, <i>Analisis
Desain & Pemrograman Berorientasi Obyek dengan UML dan Visual Basic.NET</i>by
Danoe Mraz.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com21tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-37037211425238912182012-11-08T05:44:00.000-08:002012-11-08T05:44:24.790-08:00<div style="border-bottom: solid #E7E7E7 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E7E7E7 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 19.0pt 0cm;">
<h1 style="border: none; margin-bottom: 22.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E7E7E7 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 19.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="color: windowtext;">Data Flow Diagram (DFD)<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Dalam merancang suatu sistem, sistem analis memerlukan beberapa alat bantu,
salah satunya adalah Data Flow Diagram (DFD). Data Flow Diagram merupakan suatu
bentuk atau model yang memungkinkan professional sistem untuk menggambarkan
sistem sebagai suatu jaringan proses fungsional atau sebagai jaringan proses
dan fungsi yang dihubungkan satu sama lain oleh suatu penghubung yang disebut
alur data (Data Flow).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">DFD tidak tergantung pada perangkat keras, perangkat lunak, struktur data
dan organisasi file, tetapi banyak digunakan oleh pengembang sistem karena
kemudahannya untuk dibuat dan dipahami, sehingga DFD sering digunakan sebagai
alat penghubung antara perancang dan pemakai. DFD ini sering disebut juga
dengan nama Bubble Chart, Bubble diagram, Model proses, Diagram alur kerja atau
Model fungsi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm;">Levelisasi DFD</span></b><span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"> adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">1. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Diagram Konteks</span></u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Merupakan diagram tingkat atas yang terdiri dari proses dan menggambarkan
hubungan terminator dengan sistem yang mewakili suatu proses. Hubungan antar
Terminator dan Data Store tidak digambarkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">2. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Diagram Zero</span></u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Diagram ini merupakan diagram tingkat menengah yang menggambarkan proses
utama dari dalam sistem, yang terdiri dari hubungan entitas (entity), proses
data flow dan penyimpanan data (data store).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">3. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Diagram Detail atau Diagram
Primitif</span></u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Diagram Primitif merupakan diagram paling bawah yang tidak dapat diuraikan
lagi, sedangkan Diagram Detail masih dapat diuraikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm;">Komponen-komponen pada DFD</span></b><span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Ada terdapat 4 komponen dalam DFD, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYGC2XPe74I64IdAgkViovFQgaw84MAWSqAi76z6lOGYyjDrGjwcHzs6QiPF_YNt-L5LxQ5YoDrUkNFlDJL_IsuN46_Cv7g_YwbdwqnVOwXSv7P5YV-1NaQ7HFq9on1APdcvNSfwzOWpE/s1600/fff.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYGC2XPe74I64IdAgkViovFQgaw84MAWSqAi76z6lOGYyjDrGjwcHzs6QiPF_YNt-L5LxQ5YoDrUkNFlDJL_IsuN46_Cv7g_YwbdwqnVOwXSv7P5YV-1NaQ7HFq9on1APdcvNSfwzOWpE/s640/fff.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">1. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Terminator / Entitas Luar</span></u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Terminator mewakili entitas eksternal yang
berkomunikasi dengan system yang sedang dikembangkan. Terdapat dua jenis
terminator yaitu terminator sumber <i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">(source) </span></i>dan
terminator tujuan <i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">(sink</span></i>). Terminator dapat berupa
orang, organisasi, departemen didalam organisasi atau system lainnya yang
berada di lingkungan luarnya yang akan memberikan input atau menerima output
dari system.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">2. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Proses</span></u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Suatu proses adalah kegiatan atau kerja
yang dilakukan oleh orang, mesin atau komputer dari hasil suatu arus data yang
masuk ke dalam proses untuk dihasilkan arus data yang akan keluar dari proses.
Proses menggambarkan bagian dari system yang mentransformalkan input menjadi
output. Proses diberi nama untuk menjelaskan proses atau kegiatan apa yang
sedang atau akan dilaksanakan. Pemberian nama proses dilakukan dengan
menggunakan kata kerja yang membutuhkan objek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">3. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Data Store</span></u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Data store digunak</span><span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">an untuk membuat model sekumpulan paket
data. Data store ini biasanya berkaitan dengan penyimpanan-penyimpanan, seperti
file atau database yang berkaitan dengan penyimpanan secara komputerisasi,
misalnya file disket, file hardisk, fita meagnetik. Data store juga berkaitan
dengan penyimpanan secara manual seperti buku alamat, file folder dan agenda,
yang digambarkan dengan dua garis sejajar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">4. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Alur Data</span></u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Alur data yang menghubungkan data store
dengan suatu proses mempunyai pengertian sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">a. Alur data yang berasal dari data store, berarti proses membutuhkan data
yang berada pada data store tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">b. Alur data yang menuju ke data store,
berarti suatu proses akan menghasilkan output atau keluaran yang disimpan pada
data store tersebut.</span><span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">c. Alur data yang berasal dan yang menuju ke data store berarti suatu
proses akan mengupdate data, menghapus atau mengubah data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Suatu alur data digambarkan dengan anak
panah, yang menunjukan arah menuju ke dalam dan keluar dari suatu proses. Alur
data ini digunakan untuk menerangkan perpindahan data atau paket data /
informasi dari satu bagian system ke bagian lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm;">Syarat-syarat pembuatan DFD</span></b><span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Syarat-syarat pembuatan DFD yang baik, dalam arti menyenangkan untuk
dilihat dan mudah dibaca oleh pemakai adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">1. Pemberian nama untuk tiap komponen DFD.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">2. Pemberian nomor pada komponen proses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">3. Penggambaran DFD sesering mungkin agar
enak dilihat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">4. Penghindaran DFD yang rumit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">5. Pemastian DFD yang dibentuk itu
konsisten secara logika.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm;">Tingkatan DFD</span></b><span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">Tingkatan-tingkatan pada DFD adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">a. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Diagram konteks</span></u> :
Diagram ini adalah diagram level tertinggi dari DFD yang menggambarkan hubungan
system dengan lingkungannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">b. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Diagram level Zero</span></u> :
Diagram ini adalah dekomposisi dari diagram konteks. Merupakan diagram yang
menggambarkan proses-proses utama system dan alur datanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">c. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Diagram level satu</span></u> :
Diagram ini merupakan dekomposisi dari diagram level zero.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">d. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">DFD level dua,tiga, …</span></u> :
Diagram ini merupakan dekomposisi dari level sebelumnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;">e. <u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Entity R<b>elationship Diagram</b></span></u> :
Model Entity Relationship adalah suatu penyajian data dengan menggunakan <i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Entity dan Relationship.</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><u><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm;">Sumber</span></u></i><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm;">:</span></i><span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"> Jogiyanto H-M, “ Analisis dan Desain Sistem Informasi : Pendekatan
Terstruktur Teori dan Praktek Aplikasi Bisnis “, Andi Off Set, Yogyakarta,1995.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><a href="http://en.wordpress.com/about-these-ads/"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #376092; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm;">About these ads</span></a></span><span style="color: #376092; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #376092; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent1; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-38948068882497927362012-11-08T04:41:00.004-08:002012-11-08T04:44:51.948-08:00<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keterkaitan proses bi</span><span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">snis keuangan, SDM, dan konversi</span><br />
<span style="color: #4a4a49; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<a href="http://hndsanjaya.files.wordpress.com/">http://hndsanjaya.files.wordpress.com</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01801480257709380718noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2223422877923435940.post-10617640731762894292012-11-08T02:04:00.003-08:002012-11-08T02:04:56.225-08:00<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Analisis dan Desain Sistem Informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Definisi sistem analis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Penguraian
dari sistem yang utuh ke dalam
bagian-bagian komponen dengan maksud untuk mengidentifikasikan dan mengavaluasi
permasalahan, kesempatan, hambatan yang terjadi dan kebutuhan yang diharapkan
sehingga dapat diusulkan perbaikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Tahap
analis merupakan tahap yang paling kritis dan sangat penting, karena kesalahan
di tahapan ini akan menyebabkan kesalahan di tahap Selasanjutnya. Hasil dari
analisis sistem adalah laporan yang dapat menggambarkan sistem yang dipelajari
dan diketahui bentuk permasalahan serta rancangan sistem baru yang akan dibuat
atau dikembangkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Langkah-langkah
analisis siatem:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Identify (identifikasi masalah),
Dengan cara menemukan dan mengumpulkan data-data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Understand (mamahami dari sistem
kerja yang ada)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Analyze (mengnalisa sistem)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Report (membuat laporan hasil
analisis)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Tujuan analis sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Meberikan layanan kebuyuhan
informasi kepada fungsi manajarial di dalam pengendalian pelaksanaan kegiatan
operasi perusahaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Membantu para pengambil keputusan
untuk mewujudkan tercapainya tujuan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi
sistem yang telah ada atau berlangsung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Marumuskan tujuan organisasi berupa
pengolahan data maupun pembuatan laporan baru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Menyusun tahap rencana pangembangan
sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">yang perlu
diperhatikan oleh sistem analis adalah mempelajari permasalahan yang ada secara
terinci, menentukan pendekatan yang akan digunakan dalam memecahkan masalah,
dan membuat suatu pertimbangan apakah perlu atau tidak menggunakan cara
komputerisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Memahami kelebihan dan kekurangan sistem lama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128; padding: 0cm;">Kelebihan</span><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128; padding: 0cm;">- Mudah dalam penerapan cara
kerja bagi orang kerja bagi orang awam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128; padding: 0cm;">- Tidak memerlukan biaya untuk
membuat aplikasi.</span><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -.75pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128; padding: 0cm;">Kekurangan</span><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128; padding: 0cm;">- Memerlukan waktu yang lama dalam
melakukan proses pendataan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128; padding: 0cm;">- Data-data yang ada sangat mungkin
untuk tersebar.</span><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128; padding: 0cm;">- Dapat menimbulkan ketidak validan data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128; padding: 0cm;">- Memerlukan banyak biaya untuk
kelengkapan pencatatan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Memahami keinginan pengguna<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Analisis kebutuhan sistem merupakan salah satu yang
dibutuhkan dalam meningkatkan dan mendukung kinerja sistem untuk memahami
keinginan pengguna. Apakah sistem yang dibangun sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan
atau belum. Sistem Informasi Kepegawaian ini sangat bernilai ekonomis dan
praktis karena sistem informasi ini menghemat waktu, energi, dan biaya serta
mudah dimengerti oleh pengguna<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Memahami studi kelayakan sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Ada lima dimensi kelayakan proyek, yaitu:<br />
<b>1. Teknis</b><br />
Pada dimensi ini, akan di teliti apakah software dan hardware yang ada dapat
digunakan untuk menjalankan pemrosesan yang diperlukan? Apabila semua telah
memenuhi untuk menjalankan pemrosesan, maka pada dimensi ini dinyatakan sudah
layak, namun apabila belum, masih ada yang harus diperbaiki dari teknis itu.<br />
<b>2. Ekonomis</b><br />
Apakah ada keuntungan atau kerugian, efisiensi biaya operasional organisasi.<br />
<b>3. Resmi</b><br />
Apakah sistem beroperasi dalam lingkup resmi dan etis? Atau beroperasi dalam
lingkup informal.<br />
<b>4. Operasional</b><br />
Berhubungan dengan prosedur operasi dan orang yang menjalankan organisasi.
Apakah desain sistem akan dan dapat menerima dukungan dari orang-orang yang
menjalankannya atau tidak?.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">5.Terjadwal</span></b><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><br />
Apakah mungkin untuk mengimplementasikan system ada kendala waktu? Untuk
mengetahui sistem ada atau tidaknya kendala waktu, dapat menggunakan
model-model penjadwalan seperti PERT dan GANTT CHART.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Tujuan melakukan desain sistem informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Tahap desain sistem
mempunyai dua maksud atau <b>tujuan utama</b>,
yaitu sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">1. Untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan kepada pemakai sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">2. Untuk
memberikan gambaran yang jelas dan rancang bangun yang lengkap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">kepada
pemrogram komputer dan ahli-ahli teknik lainnya yang terlibat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Tujuan kedua ini lebih
condong pada <b>desain sistem yang terinci</b>,
yaitu pembuatan rancang bangun yang jelas dan lengkap untuk nantinya digunakan
untuk pembuatan progam komputernya. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, analis sistem
harus dapat mencapai sasaran-sasaran sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Desain
sistem harus berguna, mudah dipahami dan mudah digunakan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Desain
sistem harus dapat mendukung tujuan utama perusahaan sesuai dengan yang
didefinisikan pada tahap perencanaan sistem yang dilanjutkan pada tahap analisis
sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Desain
sistem harus efisien dan efektif untuk dapat mendukung pengolahan transaksi,
pelaporan manajemen dan mendukung keputusan yang akan dilakukan oleh manajemen,
termasuk tugas-tugas yang lainnya yang tidak dilakukan oleh komputer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Desain
sistem harus dapat mempersiapkan rancang bangun yang terinci untuk masing-masing
komponen dari sistem informasi seperti data dan informasi, simpanan data,
metode-metode, prosedur-prosedur, orang-orang, perangkat keras,perangkat lunak
dan pengendalian intern.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Prinsip-prinsip melakukan desain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Unsur dalam desain grafis sama
seperti unsur dasar dalam disiplin desain lainnya. Unsur-unsur tersebut
(termasuk <i>shape</i>, bentuk (<i>form</i>), tekstur, garis, ruang, dan
warna) membentuk prinsip-prinsip dasar desain visual. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut,
seperti keseimbangan (<i>balance</i>), ritme (<i>rhythm</i>), tekanan (<i>emphasis</i>),
proporsi ("proportion") dan kesatuan (<i>unity</i>), kemudian
membentuk aspek struktural komposisi yang lebih luas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.scribd.com/"><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">http://www.scribd.com</span></a><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">Sytems Analysis, 2nd edition</span></i><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent2; mso-themeshade: 128;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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